A Study On The Adaptation Of Migrant Workers' Livelihoods In Hobali Village, Hohhot

Since the reform and opening up,China's urbanization process has continued to accelerate.Under the dual effects of urban “pull” and rural“push”,rural population flows into cities in large numbers,creating a group of“migrant workers”.Migrant workers are not blind,but the result of multiple considerations.In order to ensure the maximization of family interests,they entered the city to engage in non-agricultural occupations.In the face of an urban environment that differs significantly from that of rural areas,cultural shock,adaptation,and adjustment problems arise.In order to achieve the migration goal and gain a firm foothold in the city,they adjust their behaviors and concepts and actively adapt to urban life.In the process of adaptation,there are still many problems that need to be resolved,such as survival,social interaction,identity,and social integration.This article uses the theory of cultural change and acculturation to investigate the livelihoods of migrant workers in Houbalizhuang Village,Hohhot City.Through fieldwork,it was found that the biggest difficulty faced by migrant workers from Houbalizhuang in Hohhot is still their livelihood.Due to their own factors,traditional culture,and social conditions,these migrant workers can only perform manual labor that lacks stability and low wages,and their income is relatively low.Faced with high-consumption urban life,migrant workers can only save on frugality and savings.However,due tothe balance of income and expenditure,there is not much surplus,and their lives are still on the verge of poverty.In this regard,this study puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures based on the actual survey and research objects,hoping to make every effort to solve the problem of migrant workers' livelihood adaptation.This article is mainly composed of three parts: introduction,body and conclusion.The introduction mainly introduces the reasons for the selection of the thesis and the significance of the topic,the literature review and discussion about urbanization and the phenomenon of urban migrant workers,the living conditions of urban migrant workers and the influencing factors,the economic sources of migrant workers in cities,the status of migrant workers,and the use of the theoretical tools,research content and research purpose,main research methods and field work processes.The first chapter introduces the reform and opening up,urbanization process and the situation of Houbalizhuang in Hohhot and the immigrant population.Including the geography,history and population profile of Hohhot City;under the background of urbanization,the overall situation of migrant workers in Hohhot City;the geographical location and historical changes of Houbalizhuang,a village in the southwest of Hohhot City;in the process of urbanization,the Houbalizhuang's economic and social development anddemographic changes;Houbalizhuang's basic situation of migrant workers,housing,working,etc.The second chapter mainly describes the living conditions and difficulties of migrant workers in Houbalizhuang.The first is a description of the status of livelihood adaptation,including ways and types of work,sources and levels of income,consumption,"saving money" and "savings".Secondly,there are problems in employment,such as strong mobility,high intensity,poor environment,and insecure security;narrow employment channels and employment discrimination;it is difficult to achieve upward mobility and small development space.Problems with income,such as unstable income and low income;wage growth is slow.Consumption balance and no surplus in consumption.Chapter 3,starting from the actual situation,puts forward the causes of the livelihood adaptation of migrant workers in Houbalizhuang.The first is personal factors,including education level restrictions,lack of labor skills;own physical fitness,age;economic strength;network,language,etc;followed by traditional culture,including the status quo,weak competition consciousness;rest and working hours Habits;get close to acquaintances and rarely expand your circle of friends.The last is social conditions,including the household registration system affecting children 's school enrollment and medical insurance reimbursement ratio;the imperfect job market,no formal employment selection channels and recruitment communication channels;wage levels and prices;the speed of Internet development and the utilization of migrant workers.In the summary,this study points out that the livelihoods of migrant workers have changed,but urbanization is developing much faster than the speed of migrant workers 'adaptation,and their livelihoods are still facing difficulties.From the practical point of view,four countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: first,the government should make some adjustments in education,housing,and medical policies;second,the employer should sign a labor contract with migrant workers,and provide overtime fees for overtime on holidays.Insurance,etc.;once again set up a special employment service market for migrant workers,publish recruitment information,and provide training for migrant workers,etc.;finally,migrant workers themselves should learn labor skills and be more exposed to Internet technology.