A Study On The Influence Of Human Capital On The Employment Status Choice Of Rural Floating Population

The 2016 National Monitoring report on migrant Workers shows that the total number of migrant workers in 2016 was 281.71 million,an increase of 4.24 million over the previous year,an increase of 1.5 percent,and a large number of rural surplus labor flowing to cities in order to obtain higher incomes and better development opportunities.Because of the personal endowment and the division of the urban and rural labor market caused by the household registration,the rural floating population has the difference in the employment status selection.However,the choice of employment status of rural floating population is related to their economic status and social status.This paper studies the mechanism of human capital of rural floating population on the choice of employment status,and compares it with the urban population.The result may enable the society and the government to recognize the current situation of the labor market,formulate reasonable labor market policies from the angle of human capital,and improve the competitiveness of the rural floating population in the labor market.In order to improve the rural floating population's economic and social status.Based on the China Comprehensive Social Survey(CGSS)in 2013,this paper first constructs the internal mechanism of human capital's choice of employment status of rural floating population and urban population,and puts forward the corresponding hypothesis The human capital of this paper is made up of education degree,working life and health.The employment status is self-employment and employment.Considering the heterogeneity between self-employment and employment,self-employment is subdivided into survival self-employment and entrepreneurial self-employment,and internal employment is divided into lowland employment and highland employment.The inner mechanism of the three constituent variables of human capital may be different.In order to verify the above intrinsic mechanism,first of all,a logit model is constructed.The results show that the rural floating population with junior middle school and high school education tend to choose self-employment.For the urban population,the likelihood of employment increases as their level of education increases.In the higher level of education,the urban population and the rural floating population are similar to choose employment,but at the lower level of education,the rural floating population tends to choose self-employment,while the urban population tends to choose employment.The influence of working years on the choice of employment status of rural floating population is nonlinear,that is,the probability ofrural floating population changing from employment to self-employment increases with the increase of the number of years of work,after reaching a turning point,the number of years of work increases with the increase of the number of years of work.The probability of rural migrants changing from self-employment to employment increases.However,the influence of working years on the employment status choice of urban population is not significant.BMI value had significant influence on the employment status choice of rural floating population.However,the influence of employment status selection on urban population is not significant.Then,M-logit model is constructed.The results show that high school or above education has a positive effect on the choice of highland employment and entrepreneurial self employment for rural floating population,and has opposite effects on survival self employment.As with the rural migrant population,the higher the urban population's level of education,the more likely they are to be employed in a higher status.But unlike the rural migrant population,with the increase in education,the possibility of urban population choosing entrepreneurial self-employment and survival self-employment is becoming lower and lower.The years of work has a nonlinear effect on the choice of employment status of the rural floating population.With the increase of the number of years of work of the rural migrant population,they are transferred from low status to employment.They become high-status self-employed or entrepreneurial self-employed,survival self-employed,after reaching a turning point,they are employed in high-status employment,the probability of entrepreneurial self-employment and survival self-employment is reduced.However,the working life has a positive effect on the urban population engaged in high-status employment and survival self-employment,but it is not significant.The working life has a negative impact on the urban population engaged in entrepreneurial self-employment.The heavier the rural floating population is,the more likely they are to choose self-employment,which may be the self-employment of entrepreneurial type or the self-employment of passive survival type.The effects of survival self-employment and entrepreneurial self-employment are not significant.Finally,combined with the above conclusions,we put forward specific policy recommendations from the perspective of the government and rural floating population.