An Emergy Analysis Of The Ecosystem Service Value Of Daiyunshan Nature Reserve And Adjacent Townships

Nature reserves play an important role in providing the value of ecosystem services and protecting the ecological environment of the region.Based on the ecosystem service theory and emergy analysis method,this study constructed a framework for assessing the ecosystem services value of the Daiyunshan Nature Reserve and farmland-livestock-family consumption system services value in three typical related townships,Chishui,Nancheng and Shangyong Town,with reference to the widely used Millennium Ecosystem Service Value Classification Standard.The value of ecosystem services in Daiyunshan Nature Reserve was assessed,and the positive and negative output of service value of farmland production system,livestock and poultry breeding system and household consumption system in Chishui,Nancheng and Shangyong were calculated from 2001 to 2016.The differences between Daiyunshan Nature Reserve and the farmland-livestock-family consumption coupling system in Chishui,Nancheng and Shangyong were analyzed from the three aspects of system emergy input,service value output and sustainability.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The ecological benefits of Daiyunshan Nature Reserve were remarkable.The value of the ecosystem service provided by the Daiyunshan Nature Reserve was 2.47×1020sej per year,which exceeded the sum of the annual service value of the coupling system of Chishui,Nancheng and Shangyong.The value of maintaining biodiversity was as high as 1.71×1022 sej,which reflected the important value of Daiyunshan Nature Reserve as a gene pool and ecological safety barrier.The service value of Daiyunshan Nature Reserve was mainly based on regulating services,accounting for about 90%of the total service value.Among them,the value of regulating local microclimate was the most prominent,followed by maintaining soil and water.The annual service value of the nature reserve was mainly derived from coniferous forest,accounting for 55.73%of the total service value.The annual net emergy yield rate of Daiyunshan Nature Reserve was 39.23,the environmental load was low,the renewable natural resources investment accounted for more than 64%,and the sustainable development index was 71.08.(2)The annual emergy input fluctuations of farmland production system,livestock and poultry breeding system and household consumption system in Chishui,Nancheng and Shangyong was large from 2001 to 2016,and the emergy indicators were significantly different.The emergy input of farmland production systems in Chishui,Nancheng and Shangyong decreased,and the net emergy yield rate was low.The average sustainable development index was 1.46,0.95 and 4.80.The emergy input of livestock and poultry breeding system decreased in the three towns,the environmental load increased significantly,and the sustainable development index was 0.52,0.63,0.58.The emergy input of household consumption system in the three towns showed a clear upward trend,the net emergy yield rate decreased,the environmental load was as high as 69.74,124.22 and 63.65,and the sustainable development index was only 0.01?0.04.(3)From 2001 to 2016,the net emergy yield rate of the farmland-livestock-family consumption coupling system in Chishui,Nancheng and Shangyong was about 1.19,1.49,2.04,the environmental load rate averaged 1.66,1.66,1.27,and the sustainable development index was 0.72,0.90 and 1.62,respectively.Chishui Town and Nancheng Town were low in sustainability and were consumption-driven systems.The impact matrix result showed that the importance of each subsystem of the coupling system of Chishui,Nancheng and Shangyong had changed significantly during the study period.Overall,the importance of the farmland subsystem had decreased significantly,and the importance of the livestock and poultry breeding subsystem had risen rapidly.Since 2014,it had surpassed the household consumption system and became the most influential component of the coupled system to other subsystems.(4)Compared with the Daiyunshan Nature Reserve,the coupled system of the Chishui,Nancheng and Shangyong town had more emergy input,which was 3.49,2.49 and 3.36 times of the emergy input of the Daijomshan Nature Reserve,while the service value output is less,only 25.55%,21.50%and 37.61%of the annual service value output of the nature reserve.The net emergy yield rate of Daiyunshan Nature Reserve was much higher than that of the coupled system in three towns,while the environmental load rate was only 33.13%-43.31%of the coupled system,which showed a high sustainability.