| Since 2004,the No.1 Document of the Central Government has focused on the"Three Rural Issues" for 16 years.With the implementation of a series of policies of strengthening agriculture,strengthening agriculture,benefiting farmers and enriching farmers,China’s agricultural industry has entered an unprecedented development period.And the planting industry as an important part of it has also shown a stable development trend.Along with the rising grain output,there is an increasing amount of resource consumption and ecological damage.As one of the regions where the contradiction between man and land in China is more prominent,the Loess Plateau region is fragile and vulnerable to destruction.In the critical period of the transformation and upgrading of the Loess Plateau and the acceleration of the rise,in the current sensitive period of rural sustainable development and fragile ecological environment,how to balance the relationship between planting production development and ecological environment is an important issue that needs urgent research.Therefore,measuring the ecological efficiency of cropping industry has certain theoretical reference and practical guiding significance for improving the ecological environment of planting industry and achieving the dual goals of economic development and ecological good.Based on the above background,this paper takes the counties and districts of the Loess Plateau in 2005-2015 as the research unit.takes the cropping industry as the research object,takes the carbon emission intensity as the undesired output,and adopts the DEA-SBM model to the ecological efficiency of the planting industry in the Loess Plateau.Based on the exploratory spatial data analysis method,using ArcGIS and OpenGeoda software to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of planting eco-efficiency in the Loess Plateau,and propose relevant measures to improve ecological efficiency.The main conclusions are as follows:(l)Regional differences in carbon emissions from planting in the Loess Plateau.From the perspective of the Loess Plateau,the carbon emission intensity of crops has increased year by year,the carbon emission structure remains unchanged,and chemical fertilizers are the main source of carbon emissions.From the provincial level,there are differences in the types of carbon emission intensity in each province,and the carbon emission structure of each region is consistent with the Loess Plateau.According to the change of carbon emission intensity,it can be divided into:high-speed growth type,including Shaanxi,Gansu and Ningxia;low-speed growth type,including Inner Mongolia,Henan and Qinghai;and fluctuating decline type,namely Shanxi Province.From the county level,the number of counties with high carbon emissions has increased significantly,and the intensity of carbon emissions has increased year by year.The concentrated areas of high-carbon emission counties showed a trend of "moving from northeast to southwest" and "expanding from the edge to the center",and finally formed a spatial distribution with the Guanzhong Plain as the main core and the Yinchuan Plain and Hetao Plain as the secondary core pattern.The concentration of carbon emission intensity is strengthened overall,and the high-high agglomeration area is densely dotted,showing the trend of" west-south-southwest";the low-low accumulation area is concentrated and linearly extending southwest of the Loess Plateau-In the northeast direction,there is a trend of"southwest-northeast".(2)Regional differences in ecological efficiency of planting industry in the Loess Plateau.From the perspective of the whole Loess Plateau,the overall level of ecological efficiency is low,and there is a clear upward trend.From the provincial scale,according to the level of efficiency and increase or decrease,it can be divided into stable growth types,including Shaanxi,Gansu,Ningxia and Henan provinces;fluctuations,Inner Mongolia;decline,Qinghai and Shanxi.From the county scale,the effective areas of ecological efficiency are mainly distributed in the districts under the jurisdiction of the city,close to the central city or developed in the tertiary industry.The relative efficiency of the eco-efficiency zone and the effective zone gradually shifted from the Luding Basin and the Ordos Plateau to the Guanzhong Plain.It also showed a trend of " expansion from the edge to the center",gradually forming a "lower middle and low sides",relatively efficient and effective.The area is distributed around the Guanzhong Plain.The agglomeration of eco-efficiency maintained a wave equilibrium during the study period,and finally formed a high-value cluster with the Guanzhong Plain as the main core and the Lanzhou Basin as the secondary core.The low-value clusters dominated by the Luding Basin and Linfen Basin.(3)The decomposition of eco-efficiency shows that the pure technical efficiency of the Loess Plateau has increased year by year,and the overall level is low,which is the key factor restricting the ecological efficiency of the planting industry in the Loess Plateau;the scale efficiency is decreasing at a constant rate,but it is still on the edge of efficiency;The number of counties and districts with decreasing returns to scale has increased significantly.In 2015,more than half of counties and districts showed a decreasing trend.(4)The factors affecting the eco-efficiency of planting industry in the Loess Plateau include:per capita agricultural production value,agricultural machinery strength,Iandform unit type,planting area proportion and total agricultural output value structure,among which the per capita agricultural production value and total agricultural output The output value structure and the intensity of agricultural machinery have a positive effect on ecological efficiency,and the geomorphic unit has an inhibitory effect on ecological efficiency. |
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