Observation Of The Intervention Effect Of Interval Training On The Pre-diabetic Impaired Glucose Tolerance Population

Pre-diabetes is a high-risk state in which an individual develops type 2 diabetes.Impa ired glucose tolerance is a type of pre-diabetes,mainly manifested by skeletal muscle insulin resistance.As the most direct form of skeletal muscle stimulation,exercise has the most direct effect on skeletal muscle insulin resistance.Intervening effective inter ventions in the pre-diabetes impaired glucose tolerance stage can improve insulin resist ance,prevent or delay the development of pre-diabetes impaired glucose tolerance tow ards type 2 diabetes,and alleviate the medical and Economic burden.Interval training has attracted more and more attention due to its short total exercise time and less fe eling of fatigue.What is more,it has become an effective rehabilitation method for various chronic and metabolic diseases.It is very important to explore the effect of in termittent training on people with impaired glucose tolerance in pre-diabetes,which ca n provide experimental support for the exercise prescription of people with impaired g lucose tolerance in pre-diabetes.ObjectiveTo explore the improvement of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in people w ith impaired glucose tolerance in pre-diabetes by interval training,which can provide e xperimental and theoretical basis for the exercise prescription of people with impaired glucose tolerance in pre-diabetes.MethodWe selected 29 middle-aged and elderly subjects with impaired glucose tolerance in pr e-diabetes,including 12 males and 17 females whose age were at 55⁷3 years,with i rregularexercise history and no exercise contraindications.The subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group（n=14）and a control group（n=15）,the experiment al group was trained by interval training,and the control group was trained by resista nce training.Both training sessions were 40 minutes each time and the continued for12 weeks(5d·week^-1).Use a body composition analyzer（Inbody,made in Korea）to test the body composition（weight,BMI,body fat content,muscle content,waist-to-hip ratio）;use a hand-held dynamometer（FET3,made in the United States）to test thesubject’s body composition muscle strength（hamstring strength of both lower limbs an d quadriceps strength）;use a gas analyzer（Cosmed,made in Germany）to test the am ount of gas（oxygen ventilation and carbon dioxide ventilation）under rest state and ex ercise load;Oral glucose tolerance test subjects’blood glucose and insulin secretion an d other indicators（fasting blood glucose,2 hours postprandial blood glucose,fasting i nsulin,2 hour postprandial insulin）,automatic biochemical analyzer oxidase method to test blood lipids（total cholesterol,triglyceride,high-density lipoproteins,low-density l ipoproteins）;related indicators of energy metabolism（carbohydrate and fat oxidation,c arbohydrate and fat energy supply ratio,total energy expenditure）are calculated by am ount of gas.HOMA-IR,Insulin sensitivity index and HOMA-βare calculated by fastin g blood glucose and fasting insulin.Statistical processing:The measurement data confo rms to the normal distribution using the t test,if the data does not conform to the no rmal distribution using the rank sum test.P<0.05 indicates that the difference is statist icallysignificant.Result1.The effect of interval training on blood glucose and lipid in people with impaired glucose toleranceFollowing 12 weeks training,the fasting blood glucose,2 hour postprandial blood gluc ose,Hemoglobin A1C,total cholesterol,triglyceride,and low density lipoprotein were significantly changed after training in the same group（P<0.05）,high-density lipoprotei n（mmol/L）was significantly increased in the experimental group（1.54±0.30 vs 1.64±0.22,P<0.05）,while the control group had no significantly improvement（P>0.05）.Compared between groups,the 2 hour postprandial blood glucose（mmol/L）（8.12±1.03 vs 8.88±0.97,P<0.05）and Hemoglobin A1C（%）（5.89±0.37 vs 6.30±0.48,P<0.05）,low-density lipoprotein（mmol/L）（2.44±0.51 vs 2.92±0.50,P<0.05）were significantly change,while fasting blood glucose,total cholesterol,triglyceride were not statistically changed between experimental group and control group（P>0.05）.2.The effect of interval training on insulin secretion in people with impaired glucose tolerance in pre-diabetesFollowing 12 weeks training,the fasting insulin,2 hour postprandial insulin,HOMA-I R,insulin sensitivity index and HOMA-βwere significantly changed in the same group（P<0.05）.Comparison between groups,2 hours postprandial insulin（uIU/ml）（54.06±10.58 vs 67.93±4.82,P<0.05）,HOMA-IR（2.56±0.66 vs 3.06±0.55,P<0.05）,Insulin sensitivity inde x（0.42±0.12 vs 0.34±0.06,P<0.05）were significantly changed between the different g roups;the fasting insulin and HOMA-βbetween the experimental group and the cont rol group were not significant changed（P>0.05）.3.The effect of interval training on the physical function of people with impaired glu cose tolerance in pre-diabetes（1）The effect of interval training on the body composition of people with impaired gl ucose tolerance in pre-diabetesFollowing 12 weeks training,the body weight,BMI,body fat content,skeletal muscle content and waist-to-hip ratio were significantly changed in the same group（P<0.05）.Comparison between groups,the skeletal muscle content（kg）（24.77±3.31 vs 27.64±3.80,P<0.05）and body fat content（kg）of the experimental group and the control group[17.73（13.56,23.08）vs 21.70（20.30,23.50）,P<0.05]were significantly changed bet ween the different groups,while the body weight and BMI of the experimental group and the control group were not significantly changed（P>0.05）.（2）The effect of interval training on lower extremity muscle strength in people with i mpaired glucose toleranceFollowing 12 weeks training,the body weight,BMI,body fat content,skeletal muscle content and waist-to-hip ratio of were significantly changed in the same group（P<0.05）.Comparison between groups,the skeletal muscle content（kg）（24.77±3.31 vs 27.64±3.80,P<0.05）and body fat content（kg）[17.73（13.56,23.08）vs 21.70（20.30,23.50）,P<0.05]were significantly changed between the different groups,and the body weight and BMI of the experimental group and the control group were no significant differen ces between the different groups（P>0.05）.4.The effect of interval training on the energy metabolism of people with impaired gl ucose tolerance in rest stateFollowing 12 weeks training,the respiratory quotient,carbohydrate energy supply ratio,carbohydrate oxidation amount,fat energy supply ratio,energy expenditure,and relativ e energy expenditure were significantly changed in the same group（P<0.05）,while th e amount of fatoxidation was not significantly changed（P>0.05）.There was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control gr oup（P>0.05）.5.The effect of interval training on the energy metabolism under quantitative load of people with impaired glucose tolerance in prediabetesFollowing 12 weeks training,total oxygen uptake,relative oxygen uptake,respiratory quotient,carbohydrate energy supply ratio,carbohydrate oxidation and fat oxidation we re significantly changed in the same group;the fat energy supply was significantly lo wer in the experimental group after training[0.49（0.44,0.57）vs 0.36（0.31,0.40）,P<0.05],while the control group had no significant improvement（P>0.05）;energy expe nditure（cal/min）significantly reduced in the experimental group[7272.09（6297.65,8281.18）vs 6366.05（5811.53,7251.30）,P<0.05],while the control group had no signifi cant improvement（P>0.05）;The relative energy expenditure（cal/min/kg）of the exper imental group was significantly reduced after training（112.73±17.76 vs 102.22±14.17,P<0.05）while the control group had no significant improvement（P>0.05）.Comparison between groups,oxygen uptake（ml/min）[1259.78（1152.50,1448.02）vs 1388.96（1341.83,1147.70）,P<0.05],relative oxygen uptake（ml/min/kg）（20.25±2.90 vs22.30±2.45,P<0.05）,respiratory quotient[0.88（0.85,0.89）vs 0.85（0.84,0.87）,P<0.05],carbohydrate energy supply ratio[0.65（0.60,0.69）vs 0.56（0.53,0.62）,P<0.05],fat oxidation amount（g/min）（0.26±0.08 vs 0.32±0.05,P<0.05）,fat energy supply rati o[0.36（0.31,0.40）vs 0.44（0.38,0.47）,P<0.05]were significantly changed between the different groups,and carbohydrate oxidation,energy consumption,and relative ene rgy consumption are not statistically significant（P>0.05）.Conclusion1.Interval training can improve the glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin secretion levels of people with impaired glucose tolerance in pre-diabetes.2.Interval training can improve the utilization rate of carbohydrates in a rest state,im prove the energy supply state of the substrate effectively,but the change of fat oxidati on utilization is not significant;interval training can increase the oxidation utilization of carbohydrates under quantitative load and reduce The oxidation of fat is used to ef fectively improve the energy supply of substrate oxidation.3.Interval training can improve the body composition and lower extremity muscle stre ngth of people with impaired glucose tolerance in pre-diabetes.