Duan Qirui Interim Government Research

After the war of Zhili and Anhui,Duan Qirui retired from his political life.During this period,he contacted all parties to save power for the second time extensively.In October 1924,Feng Yuxiang launched the "Beijing Coup" during the second war of Zhili and Fengtian,and then all of powerful parties dispatched Duan Qirui to form a Provisional Executive Government.The actual duration of this government was began on November 24,1924,when Duan Rui was sworn into office in Beijing.By April 20th,1926,Duan Qirui gave public notice that he decided to retire,in Tianjin.During this period,the Provisional Executive Government has prepared The Rehabilitation Conference and The National People's Congress,and try to settled the domestic military and financial issues by means of consultations,So as to realized the constitutionalism and promote the peaceful reunification of the country.In the diplomatic aspects,under the situation of internal and diplomatic difficulties,the government handled "Golden Franc Case" at the expense of betrayed national interests;and with the opportunity of the rise of the mass movement in the May 30th Movement,the request for amending the contract was made to the foreign powers.Then led to the Special Tariff Conference and Legal Rights Conference.However,The Provisional Executive Government was established under the balanced power of all parties' forces.The government's finance was in a desperate situation,and military forces were even more incapable of competing with warlord forces.Frequent mass movements and public opinion environments also challenged the Provisional Executive Government.These accumulated contradictions broke out in the March 18th Massacre,and Duan Qirui finally resigned and ended his political career.This article focuses on combing the background and process of Duan Qirui's Provisional Executive Government,as well as the domestic or international environment in which of the government was dealing with a series of internal and diplomatic affairs,and then examines the decision-making process of the government.As far as the results was concerned,the performance of the Provisional Executive Government was hard to called successful,but when we throughed the investigation of the background and decision-making process,we found that Duan Qirui had reflected various chaos in the early Republican society and his own political experience.Reflecting on this,after his inauguration,he established a policy of politically to promoting peaceful reunification through conferences,reconstructing the legal system to promote the construction of a constitutional state,and respected the reality in diplomacy in exchange for the principle of minimizing losses for maximum benefit.However,all kinds of efforts had been difficult or impossible to achieve in internal and diplomatic difficulties.Therefore,we must give certain recognition to the efforts made by Duan Qirui's Provisional Executive Government.This is necessary for us to have a more comprehensive understanding of this period of history.