Research On The "River-Wei-Caowan" Transportation System In The Han And Tang Dynasties

Wei river as the main tributaries of the Yellow River drainage,from west to east,on the transverse throughout the whole of the guanzhong plain hinterland,to tongguan into the Yellow River,along with all the connections became the golden waterway of a connecting things,and for the people living here provides the convenience of water;On this basis,with the continuous improvement of the social production level,especially in the transportation and transportation conditions,the large-scale logistics transportation becomes possible.From the beginning of "the service of the canoe",there were already caochang-changers in the pre-qin period;Until the early years of the han dynasty,is trying to persuade the high-impedance determined "the guanzhong",zhang liang opinions can also "nutrient-laden cao wan river,west to the capital",was followed by later generations of rulers of the founding of the strategy.After that,with the expansion of the empire of the western han dynasty and the strengthening of the centralization of power,the state used cheap money,especially the huge grain demand to become the key problem.To this end,the emperor had to invest huge human and material resources,used for digging cao canal,dredge waterways,and the passage of a massive infrastructure taken,dock,storehouse,etc.)construction,preliminary build a set of relatively complete transportation system,also make the guanzhong local traffic.Similarly,the sui and tang dynasties,which have emerged from guan long,are facing a similar situation.As a result,the idea of recalculating the canal has been repeatedly mentioned,and the idea of constantly trying to build a tower of strength has been tried.In the end,with the help of the unified national organization and coordination,the efficiency of the "turn the ship tank car" play to the extreme,in thousands of miles of river along the route on the endless miles of transport routes,really improve the efficiency of the whole of the transport of grain transportation.Accordingly,on the basis of existing research,fully intends to plan resilience research back to the history background,can be further argument:that time,as a connecting things between traffic aorta,with "river nutrient-laden cao wan transport han has a extremely important support role in the development of society,also can contact with many historical events directly.Therefore,around the deconstruction and reconstruction to the whole transportation system,mainly in the guanzhong cao canal study as the main line,in full,try to cao drainage channels,the mode of transportation,the section on each level transfer content such as recovery,and then the outline of a preliminary sorting out the grain transportation,to draw more detail on the diagram of grain transportation network;On this basis,cooperate with drawing characteristic methods of the study,will be taken along the grain transportation storehouse,wharf,along with all the posthouse,GuanJin,water conservancy and agricultural production elements into the research discussed,not constrained in the understanding of the natural materials,but actual as closely as possible.To sum up,the whole text is divided into six parts except the introduction.The first part is the history of caoyun.Around the period of emperor han wu guanzhong cao canal of the chisel and mainly is the rise of "river nutrient-laden cao wan" discuss:combination with previous work,respectively for cao drainage channel systems,transport mode and warehouse taken on each layout research,to carry out the coordinates,tries to map into.On this basis,according to the drawing of channel route map,the relationship between the canal transportation and the various elements along the route is carried out to present the basic appearance of "river wei cao".The second part is the construction of canal transportation system during the sui and tang dynasties.In contrast,the two dynasties in the sui and tang dynasties,which were also established in guan zhong,faced far more than the han dynasty,especially by the canal,which became the key to the development.In this context,the author focuses on the proposal and related construction of the three heavy drain channels in the sui and tang dynasties,and tries to explain the construction process of the whole caoyun system.The third part is about the existence of the "base pass",and discusses the influence of "the limit of the pillar" on the canal transportation in the han and tang dynasties.Through the literature retrieval,this paper tries to summarize the phenomenon of the "uule river" caused by the "pillar landslide",and tries to prove the cause of it.Accordingly,according to the data information provided by the system and the literati’s notes,the transportation efficiency of the sanmenxia caoyun is calculated to make up for the deficiency of the existing research on the details.The fourth part is the first topic discussion,which is mainly to supplement the"weishui zhucao" hypothesis proposed by hu wei.Circuit diagram drawing on cao the canal,and connecting with the preliminary field trips,intends to introduce the traffic map test in tang dynasty,painted red line,comparing with weihe river ancient and modern,and use red and parallel relations between the channels for the push,try to illustrate the wei river is part of the road to a tank by river swing canal communist-held.The fifth part is the second topic discussion,is not limited to the discussion of the grain transportation problem,here,considering the grain transportation took the form of"turn the ship tank car transport,so it is necessary to the usage of the other grain transportation process is to work,and then demonstrates the guanzhong grain transportation between agricultural production and the potential social contradiction.The sixth part is a summary of the full text.First of all,because of "river nutrient-laden cao wan" han,the influence of the social development of transportation here,it is necessary to emphasize the importance of the transportation system,open up and those who need because of the transportation and traffic lines of historical significance;At the same time,also should see,originally is a kind of large-scale tribute rice transport under the highly centralized political creation,so regardless of the cost of investment,will inevitably will bring heavy burden to the development of social production.On this basis,according to the decline of grain transportation provided clues,from this Angle to cut into the grain transportation,the test shows that the decline of"river nutrient-laden cao wan" in the process of changan eventually lose all ji position directly caused by the impact.The research shows that the transportation of "river wei cao" in the han and tang dynasties is of great significance to the social development,and also has a direct connection with many historical events.Through to the artificial channel line drawing,along the grain transportation can be taken,wharf,posthouse,GuanJin elements together,such as construction integration,and then presents the han and tang dynasties the overall condition of grain transportation.According to the figure,on the basis of predecessors’ study and work,this article also make progress,mainly to solve the three problems:first,based on quantification calculation,demonstrates the "limit" of pillars in sanmenxia,the influence of grain transportation;Secondly,the tang dynasty was introduced as a reference to supplement the previous hypothesis of the "wei water grab"hypothesis,and decided that the wei river actually invaded the canal channel in lintong and weinan.Third,as a product of centralization,caotra is often unique under certain conditions,but it can’t be sustained for a long time.On this basis,with the transfer of economic center of gravity,the decline of caoguan caoyun has been irreparably damaged,and it has fundamentally shaken the historical foundation of the establishment.