Research On The Quantifiers Of Opera In Yuan Dynasty

The classifier is one of the most important characteristics of Chinese.It is rich in quantity and its usage is very complex.The study of classifier has always been a key issue in the study of Chinese language history.At present,scholars have already studied the classifier from the pre-Qin and Han dynasties to the Song Dynasty,but have not paid enough attention to the classifier of Yuan Dynasty.Opera is the most representative literary style of Yuan Dynasty,could reflect the real situation of spoken language at the time.Therefore,studying the classifier in Yuan Dynasty opera can not only help us have a comprehensive and profound understanding of the usage of classifier in the opera of Yuan Dynasty,but also provide a supplement for the study of the language of Yuan Dynasty and it could offer a deeper understanding of the opera of Yuan Dynasty for the academic circles.At the same time,it is also of great significance for the improvement of the development history of Chinese classifier,It is extremely important for the improvement of the Chinese classifier system.The opera of Yuan Dynasty mainly includes Zaju,Southern Opera,Sanqu and so on,it was the spoken and sing text created by the literati at that time,which was closely related to the life of the lower classes,it retains the original appearance of spoken language of the Yuan Dynasty and has a high corpus value at that time.In this paper,Wang Ji-si's Quan Yuan Opera(Twelve books)is selected as a corpus,and the classifier is studied systematically and thoroughly,and comprehensively studied from the aspects of semantics and grammar,and the descriptions in synchronic and diachronic are carried out.The abstract firstly summarizes the history and present situation of the study on opera of Yuan Dynasty classifier.It is found that the academic circles are still less concerned about the classifier in the Yuan Dynasty,and the comprehensive description of the classifier in the Yuan Dynasty opera is even more lacking.Then synthesizes the different views of the academic circles about the names of the classifier,introduce the classification in this paperand finally introduces the corpus selected in the thesis and the research methods used in the thesis.The first chapter to the fourth chapter carries on the research to the Yuan Dynasty opera in the classifier.There are 324 classifiers,283 are the quantifier,of which 115 are individual classifier,44 are collective classifier,82 are borrowed classifier and 31 are measure words,41 are momentum words,22 are special momentum words,and 19 are borrowed momentum words.Each kind of quantifier is defined,then subdivided into sub-classes,and the quantifiers in the sub-class are introduced in detail.In addition to introducing the definition,usage,and simple evolution of each classifier,it also illustrates its usage in the Yuan Dynasty opera.The fifth chapter examines the weighing method of Yuan opera from two aspects: the representation of matter and the expression of momentum.This paper investigates the expressions of quantitative representation In the operas of the Yuan Dynasty,“number+noun”“noun+number”“number+quantity + noun”“noun + number +quantity”“quantity+adjective”“numeral single use ”“number+quantity”,seven kinds of volume representation,dynamic combined with“moving + number + quantity”,“number + quantity + movement” four kinds of momentum representation in the operas of the Yuan Dynasty.There are 24,287 cases of volume representation,of which 10117 cases are “number + quantity + noun”,the proportion is 41.66%,and the momentum expression method is 5403 cases,of which 2982 cases are “moving + number + quantity”,accounting for 55.19%.Through the display of data,we have a comprehensive understanding of the diachronic development of quantitative representation of classifier of opera in Yuan Dynasty.It also explains the limitations of the development of Yuan Dynasty opera quantifiers,mainly because the use of nominal quantifiers is not balanced,“number + noun” still has a higher frequency of use after removing the “one + ranking”and “numerical + human”structure.And the momentum words are still not perfect in use,for example,Borrowing momentum words is more than the dedicated momentum words,and sometimes the momentum words are not used when expressing the number of action behaviors.The sixth chapter analyzes the grammatical and semantic features of the classifier in the opera of the Yuan Dynasty.The classfier can be used not only with numerals but also with demonstrative pronouns,adjectives,auxiliary words and so on.Classifier and numerals can be combined into quantitative structures as subject,predicate,attributive and other syntactic components.The lexical features of Yuan Dynasty operas are mainly embodied in two aspects: formation method and word formation method.The extensive application of the “AA” and “one AA”in Yuan Dynasty operas and a large amount of homomorphic momentum appear.In the aspect of word formation,the classifier in Yuan opera can be used with quantifiers,nouns and affixes.At the same time,this paper briefly introduces the grammaticalization of “a(an)”in Yuan Dynasty operas.In this period,in addition to being used as a generalized classifier,“a(an)”is mainly used as a universal classifier,and its usage of classifier is already weak,which also goes through a process of grammaticalization.At last,the classifiers appeared in the opera of the Yuan dynasty are all summarized to make the classifier table of the opera of the Yuan dynasty,and each kind of classifier obtained through statistics were displayed intuitively.