The Teaching Concept In The Chinese Textbook Compiled By Westerners Who Came To China In The Late Qing Dynasty

For westerners such as missionaries,diplomats and businessmen who came to China in late Qing dynasty with the purpose of spreading Christian doctrine or the politics,learning and mastering the Chinese language had already became their primary task after arriving.During their learning process,westerners in China compiled a mass of Chinese textbooks and dictionaries which show the appearance of Chinese teaching and learning at that time.Generally,the comprehensive research is mainly based on the basic direction of Chinese learning and textbook compilation by comprehensively analyzing the research results at home and abroad,and the deep concepts embodied in the textbook are involved in a few number.There are also some achievements mentioned with weak systematicness.The research status of textbooks compiled by westerners in China in the late Qing dynasty is fruitful in achievements for specialist written special works.But their research angle is relatively stable which mainly focusing on sorting out the monograph,and the comprehensive concepts showed in the textbooks at that time are not sorted out and discussed.Based on this,in order to provide some useful enlightenments for the compilation and teaching practice of today's Chinese teaching materials,this paper mainly studies the teaching concept embodied in the Chinese textbooks compiled by westerners in China in the late Qing dynasty.The teaching concepts discussed in this paper are mainly divided into two parts:the teaching methods and the teaching concept.The teaching methods mainly reflected in the textbooks are grammar translation method,direct method and communicative language teaching.The teaching concept mainly includes attaching importance to Lexical approach and combining with cultural factors in language teaching.This paper is mainly divided into four parts:The introduction of this paper focus on the origin of this research,clarifying the research status of textbooks compiled by westerners in China in the late Qing dynasty,and analyzing and summarizing the relevant domestic literature.For the problem that less teaching concept involved in academic community,this paper plans to carry on the research elaboration from the perspective of teaching method and teaching theory by sorting out the textbooks.Then the guiding significance of the teaching concept embodied in the textbooks to the compilation and teaching practice of today's textbooks is put forward.The first chapter mainly clarifies the teaching methods reflected in the Chinese textbooks compiled by westerners in China in the late Qing dynasty which include Grammar translation method,direct method and communicative language teaching.Grammar translation method was a popular teaching method in second language teaching at that time which is showed in the textbooks with plentiful and various forms.The direct method and the communicative teaching method complement each other and both reflected in the textbook and the Chinese teaching practice at that time which mainly provide the instruction for the training spoken language.The second chapter mainly clarifies the teaching concept embodied in the Chinese textbooks compiled by westerners in China in the late Qing dynasty which include attaching importance to Lexical approach and combining with cultural factorsin language teaching.The writer organizes lexical chunks by setting collocation of common word and introducing synonyms,which is convenient for learners to memorize and extract.For which not only reduce the collocation errors that learners may make,but also enable learners to extract them quickly and accurately in communication,thus reducing communication difficulties.For the writer had realized the importance of cultural elements in his own learning process of Chinese,in the process of compiling textbooks,he involves language structure culture,semantic culture and pragmatic culture,so as to provide references for learners to better understand and apply language points and reduce communication errors caused by cultural differences.The third chapter discusses the practical significance of the teaching concept embodied in the Chinese textbooks compiled by westerners in China in the late Qing dynasty which divided into two aspects: the significance of compiling textbooks and teaching practice.In the compilation of textbooks,various teaching methods and teaching concepts should be comprehensively used in the process of writing the textbooks to achieve complementary advantages.The student should be the center in teaching practice and giving consideration to the practicability and pertinence of the teaching content.