Research On The Dilemma Of The Printing Bureau Of The Ministry Of Finance (1908-1937)

The Printing Bureau of Finance Department was the largest state-run printing agency in the Republic of China.It possessed the unique steel gravure engraving technology in China,but it was in deficit for a long time due to political turmoil.During the period of the Beijing government,the Printing Bureau of Finance Department printed securities such as banknotes,stamps,and tax receipts,and gradually developed and expanded.However,due to the political turmoil,the director of the bureau was changed frequently and the bureau was badly managed.At the same time,it could not rely on the government to obtain the national banknote printing business,and it could not compete with other printing companies because it was state-run.Moreover,it was in arrears in printing prices and even was mortgaged.As a result,it was on the verge of bankruptcy due to the growing domestic and foreign debt.During the period of the Nanjing government,the Printing Bureau of Finance Department was renamed the Peiping Printing Bureau of Finance Department.Because the post of the director was contested by the central and local forces,the "national capital moved south",the source of businesses was reduced,and the work disturbances happened frequently,it is getting harder to operate.Although many directors responded,actively expanded their business,competed with the central government for the source of businesses,and even used a shutdown method to deal with the crisis,the operational dilemma could not be reversed due to the Japanese invasion to China.