Feng Congwu's Lecturing Thoughts From The Perspective Of Enlightenment

The private teaching was started by Confucius,it is the consistent traditional of Confucianist.From Confucius and Mencius,lecturing is regarded as the choice of political frustration.to song,Confucianism lecturing to "get the king and conduct the law",the relationship between lecturing and politics is often inseparable.Until the Ming dynasty,with the increasingly rigid imperial examination system,the increasingly saturated imperial officials and the increasingly intensified autocratic imperial power,lecturing once again became the place for scholars who were frustrated or did not enter the official career.It was in that late Ming dynasty that Feng,who had been live in the late Ming dynasty,had been stir up with various social conflicts,heresy and politics,and the whole dynasty began to decline.In his early years,he began to study the study of the sacred heart,and a lifetime of careful study of the Confucian tradition of the heart and the study of Zhu zi’s gongfu theory,Yangming conscience.Feng Congwu took lecturing as his lifelong career.His lecturing life can be divided into three different periods.Early into the official career and before entering the official career,he was taught in Zhengxue academy with Wang Zhishi。At the beginning,they were taught about the Guan and Luo,but under the influence of Xu Fuyuan,he had a change of mind which was from the thought of Lian and Luo to Wang Yangming.Wan li twenty years,he presented memorial to the throne《Please rehandle the government》.This memorial made Wanli Emperor furious,so he deposed Feng congwu.After that Feng congwu lived in the central Shaanxi plain and did not ask for political affairs for twenty-six years.In this period,he’s lecturing in the idea of the good and the conscience of humanity,which is to teach the people,which is the path of first enlightening oneself and then teaching others,to the university of the people who are going to be in the same place as the people who are there.The third period was the period when he resolutely went to Beijing in the early years of the apocalypse to give lectures with Zou Yuanbiao to establish the Shoushan academy.In this period,his lectures emphasized the importance of "integrity","learning should be more of a integrity",and people should also be "honest and sincere”,so as to make the country distinguish between right and wrong,good and evil,and stimulate loyalty and patriotism.Although Feng Congwu avoided being involved in politics all his life,his special political status and social prestige always led to political persecution of his lecturing activities.However,his persistence in lecturing not only reflected the significance of lecturing for personal cultivation or the well-being of scholars,but also inspired the true social responsibility and university spirit that schools and colleges should undertake.Schools and academies should not be places where the son of heaven "nurtures scholars",or where the imperial court vassals and Confucian scholars seek fame and fortune.Rather,they should have a correct judgment of right and wrong,and guide public opinion and the spirit of society so that they can become the restraints and yardsticks with which the son of god does not take himself seriously.This is not only Feng Congwu’s persistence and efforts in lecturing all his life,but also the most important significance of his lecturing.