The Initial Study On Feng Congwu's Thoughts Of Good Mind

Feng Congwu is a comprehensive expression of Guan school in the Ming dynasty. Thoughts of Good Mind are important parts of his philosophical thoughts. The article is employed the principle and method of the unity of history and logic through study of Feng Congwu's works. Linking the background of the late Ming dynasty, the theme of thinking with the relevant questions, the author expounds thoughts of Good Mind from vertical point and transverse point. From vertical point of view, Feng Congwu not only has inherted the style of advocating etiquette and reality which begins with Zhang Zai, but also reflects the tendency of Heart thoughts of Guan school in Ming dynasty in his thoughts of Good Mind. From transverse point of view, confronting the declining tendency of Heart thoughts, Feng Congwu tries to revise Wang Yangming's Heart thoughts, therefore there is the tendency of merging Cheng-zhu with Lu-wang in his thoughts of Good Mind. To sum up, the author believes that Feng Congwu's thoughts of Good Mind will be recognized by more people through study of this article and it may offer the reference to further study on Guan school of Ming dynasty.There are four parts in this article besides preface.The first part relates the intellectual origins, writings and analyses the academic tendency of Feng Congwu's thoughts.In the second part, the author emphasizes the original substance of Good Mind. It is divided into three levels. Firstly, Feng Congwu makes a difference between Confucianism and Buddhism from the source of Mind and Nature. Feng Congwu shows clearly that Confucianism is rooted in Principle, on the contrary Buddhism stems from Resire. Thus as Confucian essence, Principle is marked. Secondly, Feng Congwu makes Principle be the foundation of Good and solves the problem of good in the natural and Non-good in reality through monism of the highest good. Thus as the original substance of rational moral, the sense and value of Good Mind is established. Thirdly, discriminating thoughts of other schools, Feng Congwu highlights the word of Good which is rooted in Being. Then the author discusses Feng Congwu's thought that Good is the great void, which embodies the utmost spiritual realm that there is nothing, there is anything.In the third part, the author clarifies how to embody the gist of Good Mind, to unite the original substance and effort through thoughts of Jing-Xiu-Zhi-Shan ("敬修止善" ). The author speaks highly of the effort of real cultivation and real awareness, of nourishment in tranquility and inspection in activity, of knowing to become the highest good by the investigation of things.In the fourth part, as the concluding remarks, the author makes comments on thoughts of Good Mind and discusses the relations of Feng Congwu and Guan school.The last part is the summary of this essay.