Reconstruction And Case Study Of Xinjiang Surface Irrigation Canal Data Set In The Early 20th Century

This study aims to reconstruct the spatial dataset of surface canal system,which was dominated by the 1909s,Xinjiang region,and to explore the changes of irrigation canals and canals impact on the surface water environment.In historical period,the LUCC study lacks attention to surface data of arid areas such as water conservancy channels,resulting in lack of detailed history of the overall assessment of LUCC changes in arid regions.The study of regional historical land use processes and water environment effects is also a realistic requirement.The "vulnerability" and"uncertainty" brought about by climate change in today’s climate change have gradually become prominent.Irrigation canal is the most direct way for human society act to the natural water environment,and it is the bridge and link that sustains human society and natural environment.Taking irrigation canals as the research object can measure the scale of water use to the greatest extent,clarify water use mechanism,and provide the most direct empirical supplement for study the relationship between human and land in the arid area,the LUCC process,and the historical water environment changes in the arid area.This study is based on the literature of the Qing Dynasty in the Xinjiang region and the Republic of China,the investigation report,local archives,modern large-scale map.Meanwhile,reference to modern satellite imagery,DEM data.Use of literature review,old map digitization,data set coding and other methods to complete the spatial data set construction.In Arcgis,Pajek,Sketchup and other software,spatial analysis,social network analysis,engineering modeling,field investigation and other methods are used to study the spatial distribution patterns of surface pipelines in modern Xinjiang and the relationship with settlements and water systems.In the past 100 years,the Qiangan River-Kuzhou Oasis canal changes,and the modern three-dimensional visual information mining of the Fukang Oasis is a case study to analyze the characteristics of the canal network structure and the impact of canal changes on the water environment.The results of this study show that there were 3,234 canals in Xinjiang in 1909s.Compared with other parts of Xinjiang,the spatial distribution of irrigated area,channel length and canal density is the most important in the southwestern margin of Tarim Basin.This area is the main runoff recharge area of the Tarim River and the most developed area of social economy.Irrigation efficiency is deeply affected by natural environment.Land development in oasis scale has caused major changes in the water environment at the basin scale.Compared with irrigation water consumption,the modem Tarim water system frequently cuts off and diverts the river.The deterioration of the river tail raft environment is also closely related to the canal system.The analysis of Pajek network shows that the modern canal system has the characteristics of complex network without scale.The canal system is an obvious organizational system,and its complexity feature needs to explored in the future.Based on the old map of large scale,the historical documents and DEM images,such as water conservancy projects and investigation reports in Xinjiang.Method for extracting and analyzing network analysis using old map information.The structure variation and surface water system structure of Weigan-Kuqa Oasis were reconstructed and analyzed for nearly 100 years.The results showed that:1)From 1909 to 1990,the canal was simplified,regularized and hardened.2)In the 1950s and 1960s,the large-scale drainage system reform activities carried out in the irrigation area had a strong influence on the surface water system structure,including river flow,river morphology and water system shape,water system structure and so on.3)The change of surface water system is directly applied to the capacity of flood storage.The construction of canal system in Xinjiang region should pay attention to the coordination between regional natural rivers.The Fukang irrigation channel path based on multi-source data recovery using cost path.Through the comparison test with the map,the trend and length of the document,it has better consistency.Reconstructed three-dimensional spatial visualization of the oasis in 1909s,with a more visual understanding and understanding traditional agricultural water conservancy projects.The ecological and environmental effects of irrigation channels in arid oasis in traditional agricultural era based on different perspectives are complex and diverse.