Research On The Dynamics Of Multidimensional Poverty In Chinese Rural Households

China's anti-poverty cause has made tremendous achievements since the reform and opening.The rural poor population has decreased significantly,and the incidence of poverty has continued to decline.After 2020,with the increase of China's per capita income level and the elimination of absolute poverty under current standards,China's poverty alleviation work will shift from achieving the goals of “two worry-free and three guarantees” to coping with and alleviating development imbalance and insufficient multidimensional relative poverty.Anti-poverty has entered another new stage,and the focus of the fight against poverty will gradually shift from absolute poverty to solving relative poverty.Relative poverty issues have a greater responsibility for governance,and the identification of multidimensional poverty helps promote the application of relative multidimensional poverty identification methods.The continuous development of the social economy and the improvement of living standards have promoted the multidimensional of poverty identification indicators.The traditional income and consumption poverty line has limitations and cannot fully reflect the true status of poverty.The “capability poverty” theory holds that the essence of poverty is that poor people lack the ability to improve their living standards,which refers the ability to convert existing resources into achievable value,while low consumption and income levels are only external manifestations of poverty.This study introduces indicators of residents' living,health and education levels to identify poverty from multi-dimensional welfare levels and improve the accuracy of poverty identification.This paper is based on the multidimensional poverty theory,using the Chinese Family Panel Survey Data(CFPS)from 2010 to 2018,selecting 7 indicators of income,education,health and living standard from 4 dimensions,using AF double critical value,combined with improved MPI index,measuring the multidimensional poverty of rural households from different regions(national,eastern,central and western),different landscape types(plain,hill and mountain)and different geographic location,and investigates the household's long-term multidimensional poverty.The results found that:(1)The poverty rate of various indicators at the national and regional levels gradually decreased with time.The highest indicator of poverty incidence was the number of years of education per capita,and the lowest indicator was the type of water used for cooking.In terms of regions,the western region has the highest incidence of poverty among indicators;in terms of terrain,mountainous regions have the highest incidence of poverty among indicators.(2)During 2010-2018,regardless of the country or the east,middle,west,and northeast regions,the incidence of multidimensional poverty and the multidimensional poverty index of rural households in China have declined overall over time.From 2016 to 2018,the incidence of multidimensional poverty and the incidence of multidimensional poverty index declined the fastest,down 6.89% and 11.86% respectively.(3)The multidimensional poverty has obvious regional.The western region has the largest multidimensional poverty index,the eastern region has the smallest,and the central and northeastern regions are at the intermediate level,which is close to the national multidimensional poverty index level.(4)The multidimensional poverty situation also behaves differently in different geographical locations.The longer the rural households in the country and the regions take to the nearest county,the more serious the multidimensional poverty situation is,and the greater the multi-dimensional poverty index.The family who spends more than 1 hour to the nearest county have the largest multidimensional poverty index.(5)The multidimensional poverty situation of families under different landform types is also different,and the overall situation is mountain> hills> plain.The situation in each region is different,but they all show that the multidimensional poverty situation in mountain areas is the most serious,especially in the western mountain areas.(6)With the increase of the duration of multidimensional poverty,the long-term multidimensional poverty situation of each region is reduced When the critical value of poverty persistence is 1/5,the multidimensional poverty incidence rate is 43.05%,and the multidimensional poverty index is 0.071;when the critical value of poverty persistence is 5/5,the incidence of multidimensional poverty is only 4.62%,and the multidimensional poverty index is 0.0188.The decomposition results of various regions show that the long-term multidimensional poverty in the western region is the most serious,the long-term multidimensional poverty index is the largest,and the long-term multidimensional poverty index in the eastern region is the smallest.(7)Both static and dynamic multidimensional poverty index decomposition results show that the per capita education years and per capita income level have the largest contribution rate to multidimensional poverty index,while the type of water used for cooking and housing types have the smallest contribution rate to multidimensional poverty index.