Vers un reechelonnement de la citoyennete en France et au Quebec: Les politiques de gestion de la diversite ethnique a Marseille et Montreal

This doctoral dissertation aims at analyzing the current reconfigurations of citizenship in a context of state rescaling in France and Quebec. In opposition to urban citizenship theories, we contend that in an era of globalization national citizenship is being rescaled. We use a theoretical framework based on an institutional version of N. Brenner's state rescaling perspective and some arguments made by J. Jenson and S. Phillips in their works about citizenship regimes.The thesis makes contribution first to the literature on state rescaling in showing that an institutional perspective is best suited for the analysis of state rescaling processes in different countries. Second, regarding the literature about citizenship and globalization, we establish that the concept of urban citizenship cannot grasp the current transformations undergone by the institution of citizenship. Third, we show that citizenship rescaling processes are being institutionalised in a country known for its "Unitary" and "Republican" conception of citizenship. This last finding destabilizes a well-established category in the political science literature.Key-words. Citizenship, ethnic diversity, state rescaling, decentralization, deconcentration, Marseille, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, France.The empirical analysis draws on a comparison between the policies of ethnic diversity management---which lie at the core of citizenship models---taking place in Marseille and Montreal. Through a study of the reconfigurations taking place in the relations between institutional actors at the local scale, we show first that in a context of state rescaling, national states' regulatory capacities over citizenship are important and, second, that cities and local state services have gained room of maneuver vis-a-vis the central state in regulating citizenship while implementing policies at the local scale. Though we show that in both cases citizenship has been rescaled, differences have also been found. In Quebec the central state has more control over the policies implemented at the local scale than in France. These results indicate that the process of citizenship rescaling is far more institutionalised in France than in Quebec.