| With the rapid development and progress of nanoscience and technology,gold nanoparticles have been widely utilized for biomedical purpose such as biological imaging,detection,diagnosis and disease treatment due to their unique features.More and more research results show that gold nanoparticles have potential application in biomedical fields.However,the biological effects of gold nanoparticles are not thoroughly understood,a lot of questions are still lack of systemic research.The influence of gold nanoparticles on embryonic development is an important aspect of their biological effects,which is still indistinct at present.Gold nanoparticles with distinct sizes(2 nm,15 nm,50 nm)were synthesized,which were characterized by transmission electron microscope,dynamic light scattering,ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.We found size and concentration-dependent embryonic developmental disorder in pregnant mice after gold nanoparticles injection.15 nm gold nanoparticles exhibited the greatest influence on embryonic development of mice.Mouse embryonic stem cell were used to study the influence of 15 nm gold nanoparticles on differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell.We found out the concentration of 15 nm gold nanoparticles for cell experiment is 0.00271 nM.The distribution of 15 nm gold nanoparticles in mouse embryonic stem cell is the inner edge of cellular vesicles.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,immunofluorescence,flow cytometry and immunoblotting were used to study the influence of 15 nm gold nanoparticles on the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell in gene and protein level.We found that 15 nm gold nanoparticles reduced the distinct lineage markers expression pattern both in RNA and protein level,which results in various differentiation layers functional proteins could not play their normal biological function,thus caused the embryonic developmental disorder in pregnant mice. |
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