| According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition,Paeoniae Radix Rubra is defined as the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.,a traditional Chinese herb used to treat fever,cool the blood,eliminate blood stagnation,activate blood circulation,and relieve pain.Modern phytochemical and pharmacological studies have shown that the main bioactive components of Paeoniae Radix Rubra are polysaccharides,triterpenoid saponins,tannins,polysaccharides aromatic acids,etc.,which have various effects such as antioxidant,anticonvulsant and antithrombotic.When Paeoniae Radix Rubra is grown for medicinal purposes,the flowers and leaves on the ground have no use other than ornamental value,which generates more waste.When Paeoniae Radix Rubra is used as traditional water decoction medicine,water-soluble polysaccharide macromolecules occupy a certain proportion in the soup;the bioactive functions of polysaccharides have been studied and verified by many experts and scholars,and found that polysaccharides had antioxidant activity,treatment of diabetes,and remission of Alzheimer’s evidence,while modern research on polysaccharides of Paeoniae Radix Rubra,its flowers and leaves is less studied.In this study,polysaccharides extraction process of different parts of Paeoniae Radix Rubra,Paeonia lactiflora Pall.and leaves of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.were used as raw materials,and their structure determination and antioxidant activity evaluation were carried out to provide effective theoretical and technical support for the research and application of polysaccharide components of different parts of Paeoniae Radix Rubra.The results of this experiment provide a theoretical basis for the application and development of Paeoniae Radix Rubra in the medicinal food industry.The main findings of this experiment are as follows.This experiment includes the extraction process and in vitro activity and physical analysis of polysaccharides from Paeonia lactiflora Pall.and leaves of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.and Paeoniae Radix Rubra of the process of Paeoniae Radix Rubra herbal tea and the analysis of herbal tea activity.1.Extraction of polysaccharides from three parts of Paeoniae Radix Rubra and evaluation of the structural properties and in vitro activity of purified polysaccharides.A test group of warm maceration extraction without ultrasound treatment was added to the single-factor test as a control;the process of ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from different parts of Paeoniae Radix Rubra was optimized by response surface methodology;the in vitro activity capacity of polysaccharides from different parts of Paeoniae Radix Rubra was studied and evaluated,and the following results were obtained.(1)Extraction and purification of polysaccharides from three parts of Paeoniae Radix RubraThe control group in the single-factor experiment proved that the polysaccharide content obtained by ultrasound-assisted treatment was higher and could effectively improve the polysaccharide extraction when the extraction conditions were the same compared with that of the traditional warm maceration method.We used response surface methodology to optimize the extraction of polysaccharides from Paeoniae Radix Rubra,Paeonia lactiflora Pall.and leaves of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.,by ultrasound-assisted warm maceration.The results showed that the polysaccharide content extracted from Paeonia lactiflora Pall.was 179.32±10.03 mg/g under the conditions of the 112-second ultrasonication of temperature 38°C,the material-liquid ratio of 1:27 and 20 minute warm soaking time.The content extracted from the leaves of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.was 151.25±8.45 mg/g under the conditions of 170-second ultrasonication of 49℃,the material-liquid ratio of 1:26 and22-minute warm soaking time.The content of polysaccharide extracted from Paeoniae Radix Rubra was 184.44±4.23 mg/g under the conditions of 85 s ultrasonication of 52℃,the material-liquid ratio of 1:31and 22-minute warm soaking time.The analysis of infrared spectra of polysaccharides extracted from three parts of Paeoniae Radix Rubra showed that they all had characteristic absorption peaks of O-H and C-H of polysaccharide molecules,which all indicated that the ultrasound-assisted extraction method could effectively extract polysaccharides;the surface states of polysaccharides of three parts extracted using ultrasound method were observed by scanning electron microscopy,and different characteristics were obtained.The surface of polysaccharide extracted from Paeonia lactiflora Pall.was smooth and flaky;the surface of polysaccharide extracted from the leaves of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.was porous and partly smooth;the surface of polysaccharide of Paeoniae Radix Rubra is porous and partly sponge-like.(2)Evaluation of in vitro activity of polysaccharides from three parts of Paeoniae Radix RubraPolysaccharides from three parts of Paeoniae Radix Rubra have good scavenging ability for DPPH radicals,ABTS radicals,superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals,and exhibit good reducing ability,and inhibit α-glucosidase,acetylcholinesterase and non-enzymatic glycosylation end products;these in vitro activity abilities are positively correlated with polysaccharide concentrations.The different in vitro activity capacities of three different parts of polysaccharides were compared by calculating the IC50 for the inhibition of eight indices: Paeonia lactiflora Pall.polysaccharides on DPPH radical(IC50 25.48 μg/m L),ABTS radical(IC50 58.75 μg/m L),superoxide anion(IC50 101.72 μg/m L)scavenging.The ability to scavenge α-glucosidase(IC501157.28 μg/m L)and inhibit non-enzymatic glycosylation end products(IC50 4369.56 μg/m L)was the highest among the three polysaccharide groups;the ability of leaves of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.polysaccharide to scavenge hydroxyl radicals(IC50 44.86 μg/m L)and to inhibit acetylcholinesterase(IC50 2203.87 μg/m L)were the highest among the three polysaccharide groups;erythrone polysaccharide had better inhibitory ability against acetylcholinesterase(IC502457.54 μg/m L)and non-enzymatic glycosylation end products(IC50 6014.41 μg/m L),compared to Paeonia lactiflora Pall.and leaves of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.polysaccharides,and performed poorly against other in vitro activity indicators.The above study proved that Paeoniae Radix Rubra,Paeonia lactiflora Pall.and leaves of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.have better in vitro activity,so Paeoniae Radix Rubra,Paeonia lactiflora Pall.and leaves of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.can be used as raw materials for the development of Paeoniae Radix Rubra herbal tea.2.Study on the in vitro activity of the herbal tea of Paeoniae Radix Rubra,the ratio of the ingredients and the herbal tea soup(1)Greening process and ratios of Paeoniae Radix Rubra herbal teaThe microwave killing process and ratios of Paeoniae Radix Rubra herbal tea were compared with the effect of microwave killing conditions on the enzyme activity and water loss rate of peony flowers and leaves,and the best microwave killing process was obtained with a power of 350 W and a treatment time of 50 seconds.Under these conditions,there was a better enzyme inactivation rate and water loss rate.The flowers and leaves of Paeoniae Radix Rubra,the raw material of herbal tea,were selected,killed,kneaded,dried and shaped,and then formulated into herbal tea with flaked Paeoniae Radix Rubra in the ratio of 3:3:1.The composition of herbal tea met the national requirements and was analyzed by electronic nose to obtain that the herbal tea was rich in flavor substances,of which short hydrocarbon compounds accounted for the highest ratio and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds were richer,and the results showed that Paeoniae Radix Rubra herbal tea had rich aromatic substances and high sensory score(94.00±1.02 points)(2)Quality analysis and in vitro activity evaluation of herbal tea brothQuality analysis and in vitro activity evaluation of the herbal tea made by the best ratio,the herbal tea contained 73.84±2.47 mg/g of polysaccharide,6.33±1.34% of water,51.37±1.97% of aqueous,2.93±0.94% of caffeine,23.32±2.77% of tea polyphenols and 3.04±0.34% of amino acids;the above data indicate that the herbal tea of Paeoniae Radix Rubra has high polysaccharide content,rich content and high in vitro activity.The above data indicate that the tea has high polysaccharide content,rich content,low bitterness and astringency,fresh taste and tea soup color,which proves that the tea has good quality.The in vitro activity study on the tea broth of brewed Paeoniae Radix Rubra and Paeoniae Radix Rubra herbal tea showed that the tea broth had good total reducing ability(reducing absorbance value showed 0.983±0.563),and had some inhibitory ability on α-glucosidase(19.43±2.01%),acetylcholinesterase(13.87±1.43%)and glycosylation end products(16.87±1.87%).In summary,compared with the common warm maceration method,the ultrasound-assisted extraction method can increased the amount of Paeoniae Radix Rubra polysaccharides extracted and took less time;all the polysaccharides of the three parts had good in vitro antioxidant activity,and Paeonia lactiflora Pall.polysaccharides had the highest antioxidant capacity;all the polysaccharides of the three parts had some inhibitory ability on α-glucosidase,acetylcholinesterase and glycosylation end products,and Paeonia lactiflora Pall.polysaccharides had the highest inhibitory ability on α-glucosidase and glycosylation end products.In this experiment,polysaccharides were studied to develop Paeoniae Radix Rubra herbal tea products for the water-soluble characteristics of polysaccharide molecules;the herbal tea attains uniform color,rich tea color,strong taste and high nutritional value according to the best ratio of ingredients. |
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