Research And Design Of The Control System Of 3D Numerical Control Engraving Machine Based On STM32 Single Chip Computer

The open expansibility of the CNC system is the development trend in recent years.The open CNC system is not only suitable for the secondary development of scientific research or teaching,but also facilitates the upgrade of the production line and the process adjustment and improvement of the enterprise.Therefore,the research of the open CNC is of great significance.However,due to the monopoly of foreign numerical control technology and the high cost threshold of the numerical control industry,there are many deficiencies in the domestic open source numerical control system,which greatly affects the development and research of related industries.In view of this,this project adopts the open CNC system design plan of PC+STM32 to research,design and develop a CNC system suitable for three-axis engraving machines based on the principle of differential interpolation.The main research contents are as follows:(1)Select the model of the hardware supporting the CNC system,design the circuit connection scheme between the hardware,and complete the CNC system software framework planning at the same time,adopt the PC+STM32 upper and lower computer control scheme to determine the overall control process of the CNC system.(2)Select the host computer development environment and development tools,determine QT5 as the development platform for the host computer interface and running background,and repackage based on the QT built-in package class as the base class to complete decoding,interpolation,simulation,and human-computer interaction The development of the main functional modules of the CNC system.(3)Determine the chip model F407IGT6 of the lower computer,select the lower computer development platform IAR,configure the stepper motor control code in the lower computer,use STM32F4 as the computing core,develop the interpolation algorithm based on the principle of differential interpolation,and complete the linear and secondary The direct interpolation operation of the curve and cubic curve,and at the same time,the S-type acceleration and deceleration control based on the differential interpolation principle is completed in the motion of the lower computer based on the differential interpolation principle,and stable motion control is realized.(4)Build an experiment platform for CNC engraving machine.Test the communication efficiency of the upper and lower machines of the numerical control system,and the interruption feedback of the limit device.Based on this platform,the processing experiment of straight line,quadratic curve and cubic curve is completed,and the accuracy and processing quality of the processing line segment are measured.Through the above research,this subject has developed a motion control card with STM32F407IGT6 chip as the core and based on the principle of differential interpolation.At the same time,it has developed a PC-side CNC system human-computer interaction interface to achieve serial communication between upper and lower computers,and finally write NC The code completes the engraving machine processing experiment.The experiment has achieved ideal processing efficiency and processing quality,which proves that the modular and open CNC system based on QT and STM32 is feasible and effective.