Study On The Stakeholders And Their Impacts Of Ecosystem Service Changes In Guangzhou

Land is the carrier of land ecosystem.Human activities change the pattern of land use and land cover,which has a profound impact on the development of ecosystem services.Therefore,the study of ecosystem services based on land use plays an important role in revealing the interaction between human and ecosystem.However,the research on the change of land ecosystem services and the characteristics of coupling and coordination,driven by the interests and behaviors of human society,is still very weak.In land planning and management of Guangzhou,it is of great value to clarify the logic mechanism of stakeholders driving the change of land ecosystem services.Based on the review of relevant literature at home and abroad,this paper discusses the applicability and possible path of introducing stakeholder theory into the study of human-land coupling system,which the core is ecosystem services.First of all,it analyzes the characteristics and conflicts of interest of ecosystem services in Guangzhou,and identifies the stakeholders of ecosystem services.In the next,it clarifies the relationship among land use change,ecosystem services and stakeholders,constructs the stakeholder analysis framework of ecosystem services value,and analyzes the dynamic evolution of stakeholder network.Then,the influence of the evolution of the network of stakeholders producing on the change of land use pattern and ecosystem services is expounded in stages.Finally,the enlightenment of realizing the co-governance of stakeholders in land planning and management is summarized.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)There are obvious conflicts of interest between development and protection in the process of ecosystem services change in Guangzhou.During the research period,the change characteristics of ecosystem services in Guangzhou are mainly reflected in a)the overall decline of value,b)the aggravation of spatial differentiation and c)the transformation of composition structure.The ecosystem services trade-off is obvious.Thus,the conflicts of interests between development and protection in the use of ecosystem services are identified,mainly including the conflict within economic development and the conflict between economic development and ecological environmental protection.(2)The stakeholders of ecosystem services in Guangzhou can be divided into three categories: government,enterprises and the public.The government mainly refers to the central government and the local government: the interest of the central government include political,economic and public interests,which have strong capacity for behavior,mainly in the form of decentralization and macro-control;the local government mainly focuses on the public interests of its jurisdiction and its own complex economic interests,and the capacity for behavior changes from weak to strong,mainly in the form of investment,investment attraction,land finance and other behaviors.The enterprise pursues the maximization of economic benefits,and its capacity of behavior is also increasing,whose core of the behavior is the law of value.The public demand for interests is the maximization of individual utility and the public interest,whose capacity is weaker than that of the government and the enterprise,and the behavior includes economic behavior and social behavior.(3)The interaction among stakeholders constitutes a network of stakeholders with certain attributes,and affects the ecosystem service value by changing the type,intensity and pattern of land use.The network of stakeholders is in the process of dynamic evolution,and its influence on the change of ecosystem service value in Guangzhou is characterized by stages: a)in the embryonic stage(before 1980),the ecosystem service value is closely related to the natural environment under the control of a single government entity;b)in the development stage(1981-1997),the ecosystem service value rises under the dual government led pattern;c)in the formation stage(1998-2011),the ecosystem service value was seriously damaged under the multi-agent network dominated by enterprises;d)in the improvement stage(2012 to now),the change of ecosystem service value tends to be stable and even in space under the pattern of three forces coordination.(4)In the process of land planning and management,we should realize the joint governance of stakeholders and renew the concept of land planning and management.Among them,the government should return to the public interest and improve the governance ability.The enterprise should strengthen the environmental responsibility and develop the ecological economy.The public should improve the ecological awareness and advocate rational participation.