Characteristics Of Fertilizer Effect And Its Utilization In Typical Rural Toilets

Toilet manure is rich in nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium plant nutrients.The traditional way of treating toilet manure in rural areas in China is to return the waste to the field.However,with the urbanization of rural life mode,the mentality of modern farmers like fertilizer and hate manure is more and more obvious,the way of resource utilization of toilet feces is blocked,rural health security and ecological environment problems are increasingly prominent.China’s rural areas are vast,the environmental conditions are different,the rural population living scattered,the toilet as a unit of fecal pollution production quantity is small,the collection difficulty is large,the household owner’s will determines the treatment and utilization of fecal urine,in the process of resource utilization by their own "experience",the way is straightforward.With the advance of toilet renovation in rural areas,the forms of rural toilets present a diversified trend,and there are great differences in the collection,storage and treatment methods of different types of toilets,resulting in diverse types of manure products and great differences in fertilizer,which further affect the utilization of manure resources.According to the above problem,thesis "toilet revolution" as the background in the rural areas,with rural supplier recommend to toilet object,focuses on characteristics of different types of toilet waste resources,combined with the crop fertilizer characteristics,from the perspective of ecological use of effectiveness and the ecological environment security,the manure land given ability,under the condition of ecological environment constraints explicitly toilet waste resource utilization countermeasures.The following research conclusions are obtained:(1)The production of urine and feces,plant nutrients,pathogenic microorganisms and so on the content of great differences,affecting their resource utilization.The average annual output of adult urine and feces is 500 L and 50 L,respectively.The concentrations of NPK in urine were 5476 mg/L,622 mg/L,and 1726 mg/L,respectively.Compared with feces,pathogenic microorganisms in urine were rare and most of them were common microorganisms in the environment,which could be stored for several days after dilution.The contents of NPK in fresh-base feces are respectively 10 g/kg,2.19 g/kg and 3.07 g/kg.The feces are complex in composition and contain more pathogenic microorganisms,which can only be utilized after harmless treatment and full decomposition.(2)Different types of toilets,different ways of collecting feces and different types of sewage into the storage tank affect the degree of dilution of toilet feces,resulting in significant differences in the concentration of black water in different types of toilets.Among them,the attached water flushing toilets mixed feces and domestic sewage,the volume expanded by 62.5 times than the original fecal urine volume,the concentration of TN,TP and TK in black water is 95.81mg/L,12.71mg/L,30.06mg/L,respectively,only1.6% of the initial concentration,this kind of toilet wastewater is not suitable for resource utilization as fertilizer,need to be discharged by water treatment standards;Independent type water,small water to flush the toilet flush the toilet and no water to flush the toilet,put an end to the shower,washing and so on sewage mixed set,despite the flushing water dilution effect,but the amount of water,less waste,high nutrient concentrations should be after the subsequent processing of agricultural fertilizer,with three septic tanks to the toilet,for example,diluted multiples of 6 times,the concentration of TN,TP and TK septic tanks were 870.93 mg/L,115.51 mg/L,273.27 mg/L,14% of the initial concentration.(3)Different types of toilets,different treatment methods of manure,different types of manure products and fertilizer efficiency.The urine with TN,TP and TK concentrations of 4928.4 mg/L,622 mg/L and 1726 mg/L can be collected by the source separation technology in the excrement and urine diversity toilet.The nutrients in the urine are mostly in the form of crop absorption and utilization,which can be used as quick acting nitrogen fertilizer for resource utilization.Three grid septic tank toilet,double weng funnel toilet and three connected biogas tank toilet(biogas liquid part)adopt the mode of mixed collection of manure and urine,which is rich in organic matter and fecal microorganism.After fermentation treatment,the manure and urine finally form the liquid fecal and urine fertilizer resource products.Taking liquid feces and urine fertilizer produced by double weng funnel toilet as an example,the concentration of TN,TP and TK were 1911.21 mg/L,190.07 mg/L and 637.08 mg/L,respectively.,significant fertilizer effect.After composting,the waste water from waterless toilets such as double pit alternate toilet and attic compost toilet is transformed into organic compost.Among them,the highest concentration of nutrients is obtained from Attic compost toilet,and the concentrations of TN,TP and TK are 7.211 g/kg,1.164 g/kg and 3.419 g/kg,respectively,which are 131%,160% and 198% of the initial concentration.(4)Based on different toilet types of agricultural use of manure resources characteristics,crops need fertilizer characteristics,from the ecological use of the effectiveness of the perspective,different toilet types of production of manure types use different ways.Among them,the urine nitrogen content is much,the fertilizer effect is rapid,can be used as the quick effect nitrogen fertilizer application,commonly used as the crop topdressing,follow outside topdressing and the high quality immersion liquid use.Liquid manure nutrient comprehensive,fertilizer effect release quickly,can be regarded as quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer,as topdressing application.Organic compost is full of nutrients,rich in humus,and has a long-lasting and slow fertilizer effect,which can promote the growth of crops and promote the fertility of the soil.(5)On the basis of per capita annual fecal and urine production,toilet type of manure form and concentration,and land absorption capacity,the per capita land absorption capacity of different manure products is verified;From the point of view of ecological environment security,the average and maximum land requirements for the consumption of feces per capita were determined.The results showed that the urine could be completely absorbed by 0.06 mu of vegetables.Liquid manure can be completely absorbed by 0.38 mu field crops or 0.07 mu vegetables or 10 fruit trees.Organic compost can be completely absorbed by 0.17 mu field crops or 0.05 mu vegetables or 6 fruit trees.The average land absorption capacity per capita was 0.27 mu of field crops or 0.06 mu of vegetables or 8 fruit trees.The maximum land absorption capacity per capita was 0.45 mu of field crops or 0.11 mu of vegetables or 13 fruit trees.(6)Based on the constraints of ecological environment,different types of fecal resources can be taken different resource utilization countermeasures.According to the characteristics of the type of manure products,the land consumption can be realized within the range of maximum land consumption.Aiming at the manure resources produced by concentrated compost,high quality commodity organic fertilizer can be made by productization.