Research On Cooperative Emission Reduction Of Three-Level Supply Chain Under Low-Carbon Policy

Establishing an economic system with green,low-carbon and circular development and promoting a comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development are fundamental ways to solve China’s resource,environmental and ecological problems.Recently,the Chinese government has proposed the main goals:by 2025,the level of clean production will continue to improve,the green transformation of production and lifestyle will be effectively realized,and carbon emission intensity will be greatly reduced.By 2035,carbon emissions will steadily decrease after peaking,and the ecological environment will be fundamentally improved.Green economic development requires companies to take action to achieve the goals of improving production efficiency and reducing pollution emissions.However,in implementing sustainable development strategies,companies need to cooperate with supply chain members to reduce pressure to reduce emissions and improve competitiveness due to the huge costs of research and development of emission reduction technologies.Therefore,it is of great theoretical significance and practical application to study the issue of cooperative supply chain emission reduction under the influence of low-carbon policies and consumers’ green preferences.Based on relevant literature research,this thesis uses theoretical analysis and numerical simulation to study the cooperative emission reduction decision problem of low-carbon supply chains in terms of differentiated policy levels and consumers’ low-carbon preferences.First,the influence of consumer low-carbon preference factors is incorporated into product demand,and the cooperative emission reduction decision problem of the three-tier supply chain under carbon tax and subsidy policies,and carbon quota and trading mechanism is studied separately.Secondly,the impact of different carbon tax and subsidy levels and different allowances on enterprises’ emission reduction decisions under different emission reduction difficulties and costs are considered.Further,the changes of supply chain emission reduction and profit under singleand two-domain decisions are compared,and finally a social welfare function is introduced to compare and analyze the effects of different lowcarbon policies.The results show that:(1)the optimal emission reduction and the optimal order quantity exist regardless of whether the carbon tax and subsidy levels are the same,and the differentiated carbon tax and subsidy can weaken or strengthen the policy for different carbon emission subjects and encourage enterprises to make the best emission reduction strategy by themselves.The optimal emission reduction and optimal order quantity are positively related to consumers’ environmental awareness.In the case of a fixed carbon tax,increasing subsidies can increase emission reductions.In the case of fixed subsidies,increasing carbon taxes will lead to a decrease in emission reductions;when subsidies and carbon taxes increase in the same proportion,the optimal emission reductions decrease.(2)Regardless of whether there is a difference in carbon quotas,carbon quota degree does not affect emission reduction and order quantity,but can reflect the profitability of enterprises in the carbon trading market.The optimal emission reduction and optimal order quantity are influenced by the carbon trading price and consumer preference:when the carbon trading price is determined,the increased environmental awareness of consumers will lead to an increase in emission reduction.When consumers’environmental awareness is determined,an increase in carbon trading price will lead to a rapid decrease in emission reductions;when the carbon trading price increases proportionally to consumers’ environmental awareness,the optimal emission reductions will decrease.(3)The optimal social welfare is produced by the dual domain decision making approach under the undifferentiated carbon quota and subsidy trading mechanism,followed by the social welfare produced by the dual domain decision making approach under the differentiated carbon tax and subsidy policy.