| Ganoderma lucidum is a fungus belonging to the genus Ganoderma in the family Polyporaceae of the order Polyporales.It is a valuable edible and medicinal fungus.The main bioactive ingredients in the fruiting body are polysaccharides and triterpenoids,and it has many p Hysiological functions such as anti-tumor,anti-aging,antiviral,liver protection and reducing blood lipid.At present,the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum is mainly produced by three artificial cultivation methods: substitute cultivation,imitation wild forest cultivation and basswood cultivation.Different cultivation modes will affect the content of biological active substances in the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum,thus affecting the p Hysiological function of Ganoderma lucidum.Therefore,this study collected from Shandong generation of substitute cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum(GL-F1),imitation wild forests cultivated Ganoderma lucidum(GL-F2)and basswood cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum(GL-F3)as the research object,throμgh the determination of the water extract and alcohol extract of main composition and in vitro antioxidation,antitumor and immune activity,analyzes the origin of different cultivation patterns,the differences in the bioactive substances of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body,and use the generation materials of water extract from the substitute cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body for the development of oral liquid.The main results are as follows:(1)Throμgh the extraction and weighing of water extract,it was found that the water extract content of Gnoderma lucidum fruit-body GL-F1 was the highest,reaching 9.55%,and the contents of GL-F2 and GL-F3 had little difference,being 6.2% and 6.12%,respectively.Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide content in water extract GL-F1 was the highest,which was 3.10%,GL-F2 and GL-F3 were 1.56% and 1.62%,respectively.The antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract was analyzed by the determination of hydroxyl radical scavenging ability.The results showed that the antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract of GL-F1 was the strongest in vitro,followed by the antioxidant activity of GL-F3.When the concentration of water extract was 3 mg/m L,the hydroxyl radical scavenging rates of GL-F1,GL-F2 and GL-F3 were 68%,47% and 60%,respectively.By measuring the content of NO released by water extract acting on RAW264.7 cells,the immune activity of water extract was analyzed.The results showed that GL-F1 water extract had the strongest immune-promoting effect,and the NO release reached about 16 μmol/L at the maximum concentration(400μg/ m L),which was higher than that of positive control LPS.(2)The content of triterpenoid acids in alcohol extract was determined by HPLC.The results showed that the content of triterpenoids in GL-F2 was the highest,and GL-F1 contained the most abundant kinds of triterpenoids,which contained all the 5 kinds of triterpenoids.Based on Caco-2 colon cancer cell inhibition rate determination,the antitumor activity of the three kinds of alcohol extraction of Ganoderma lucidum in vitro was analyzed,and the results show that the cells inhibition effects of GL-F1,GL-F2 Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body of the alcohol extract were similar,were higher than GL-F3 cell inhibitory effect,in the largest concentration of 200 mg/m L,the Caco-2 cell inhibition rate of three kinds of Ganoderma lucidum were 67.5%,65.3% and 62.5% respectively.(3)Taking Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide as the index,the water extraction process of GL-F1 was optimized by single factor experiment and response surface test.The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: liquid-solid ratio of 70 m L/g,extraction time of 3.0 h,extraction temperature of 90 ℃,ultrasonic time of 20 min.Under the optimal extraction conditions,the extraction rate of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide was 4.38%(4)Ganoderma lucidum oral liquid was prepared with GL-F1 water extract as raw material.Throμgh single factor and orthogonal test,the optimal process was obtained: water extract 60%,zero caloric sugar 6.0%,citric acid 0.15%,honey 2.5%.Under this parameter,the sensory score was 90 points.The Ganoderma lucidum oral liquid prepared by this scheme was clear and transparent,with pleasant fragrance,soft taste,sweet and bitter suitability,and excellent taste.Considering the effect of sterilization and the effect on the quality of oral liquid products,the sterilization temperature of 100 ℃ and the sterilization time of 10 min were selected for sterilization.At this conditions,the total number of bacteria in the colony was 32CFU/m L,the number of Escherichia coli was not detected,and the pathogenic bacteria was not detected,which met the microbial index.The physical and chemical indexes were tested,the results showed that the contents of polysaccharide,protein,soluble solids and p H were 242mg/100 m L,31mg/100 m L,10.15 g/100 m L and 4.42,respectively in the oral solution. |
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