| Ancient China had brilliant achievements in chemistry,but due to various reasons,the development of chemistry in the middle and late Qing Dynasty obviously lagged behind the world,and did not self evolve into modern chemistry with scientific theory and ideological system.Boyle published the skeptical chemist in 1661,which defined chemical elements clearly for the first time,making the development of chemistry have a new starting point.Engels once commented: "Boyle established chemistry as science." Modern chemistry was born.However,the introduction of modern chemical system into China was in the period of the Republic of China.The early development of modern chemistry in the Republic of China was mainly the process of the introduction and localization of western chemical knowledge in China.In this process,the scientific workers in related fields established the Department of chemistry in the University,opened relevant courses,initially formed the chemistry which was in line with the national conditions at that time Academic norms,and referring to the scientific research system of western developed countries,have established China’s own chemical academic groups,established relevant chemical journals for academic exchanges,which gradually formed a relatively mature system in China.This paper first introduces the background of the introduction of the basic concepts of the Western academies,including Xu and Du in the early period of the Republic of China However,due to the special period,the theories in the field of chemistry were not widely spread in the whole society.Secondly,it briefly analyzes the institutionalization of modern Chinese chemical system in the early Republic of China.After the founding of the Republic of China,all fields of science education and research in China have embarked on the road of institutionalization.As far as the subject of chemistry studied in this paper is concerned,in 1910,Yu tongkui,the main founder of modern Chinese chemistry,opened the Department of chemistry in Peking University,which opened the curtain of higher chemistry education.After that,with returned students from Europe and America as the main force,most colleges and universities across the country have successively established chemistry departments.In 1934,the Ministry of Education promulgated the organization rules of postgraduate education and training in chemistry,and the research work of modern chemistry higher education system in China began to have a certain organization and standard.In 1928,Wang Li,Zhuang Changgong and others established the Institute of chemistry of Academia Sinica,the cradle of modern chemistry research in China,formulated the research direction of the early development of modern chemistry,and carried out a series of research work on this basis,making unremitting efforts for the future development of various fields of Chinese chemistry.In 1932,the Chinese society of chemistry was founded in Nanjing,and its branches were gradually established.In terms of periodicals,the Journal of the Chinese chemical industry association was founded and published in Beijing by Chen Shizhang(pin Cheng)and Yu tongkui in 1923,renamed as chemical industry in 1929,and the subsequent journals of chemical engineering,Journal of chemical engineering,and Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society(and chemistry in the future)show that China’s chemical research has begun to step out of the imitation At the stage of learning from the west,we have begun to study independently.Finally,after analyzing the institutionalization of the whole chemistry discipline,this paper discusses the development process of various fields of chemistry discipline in the early Republic of China,and expounds that the development of chemistry discipline in the early Republic of China was a difficult road,but although it was difficult,it made some outstanding academic achievements in some aspects,and most of the academic achievements were directly related to the research achievements of foreign students relevant. |
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