Study On Community Development Of Italian National Parks From The Perspective Of Integral Ecosystem

With the change of management concept of nature reserves in the world,the community of nature reserves,as a part of the whole ecosystem,has been paid more and more attention,and promoting community development has become a part of the dynamic protection model.However,in the pilot stage of China’s national park system,relatively strict community development policies are still adopted,and the awareness of community values and community differences is insufficient.How to coordinate community development is the key and difficult point in the future construction of China’s national park system.Similar to China,Italy’s national park communities have a long history and rich types.Promoting the sustainable development of local communities is an important goal of its national park management and has accumulated rich practical experience.On the basis of summarizing the development status and planning management system of Italian national parks,based on the analysis of the natural-human ecosystem characteristics,community spatial distribution and spatial scale characteristics of 12 national parks,three main types of national park communities were sorted out(Alpine very small community,Apennine small and medium-sized community,Coastal large and medium-sized high-density community).Based on this,three national park cases with the representation of the whole natural-human ecosystem are selected.This paper analyzes the development characteristics of its community from four dimensions: community scale change,population dynamic change,land use change and industrial format change,and analyzes the community development measures from three levels: development strategy formulation,industrial development and project guidance,and land control measures.The results show that the three national parks have different development foundations due to the differentiation of the overall ecosystem,showing differentiated development characteristics,and the park management plan puts forward adaptive development strategies according to different development conditions.Finally,it summarizes the relevant experience of Italian national park community development from the aspects of value cognition,top-level design,development guidance and social participation,and puts forward some suggestions on the development of Chinese national park community.The research preliminarily explores the development path and development strategy of national park communities under the background of different ecological characteristics,provides suggestions for the improvement of the overall planning of national parks and the coordinated development planning of communities in China,and also fills the gap in the research of Italian national park communities in China.