Urinary Antibiotic Exposure Level And Health Risk Assessment In Adults From An Area Of Tianjin

With the rapid growth of the world population and the improvement of human living standards,the use of antibiotics in the medical field and animal husbandry industry is unrestrained.Antibiotics and their active metabolites were frequently detected in surface water,soil,and food of animal origin.Antibiotics have potentially harmful to the environment and human body and they have been included in the category of emerging contaminants(ECs).In China,the abuse of antibiotics is also very serious,but there is insufficient understanding of the specific mechanism of disease caused by their exposure.Therefore,it is necessary to systematically study the exposure level of antibiotics and their health risks to assess the burden on the body.In this study,urine and blood samples were collected from young people in Tianjin.Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)was used to analyze 23 common antibiotics in urine.All antibiotics were detected in urine with a total detection frequency of 48%,and phenothiazine(95%)> quinolone(66%)>chloramphenicol(60%)> tetracycline(35%)> sulfonamides(27%).Most concentrations of antibiotics were around the magnitude of parts per billion(ppb,equivalent to ng/m L),while that of ofloxacin was an extreme value beyond 1000ng/m L.The health risk assessment model calculated that the EDEs values of most antibiotics were lower than 1 μg/kg/day,much lower than the dose of clinical use.Therefore,the method of exposure of the study population was long-term and low-dose exposure to antibiotic residues in food or drinking water,instead of short-term and high-dose clinical use.The HI values based on the sum of individual effects were below 1,which indicates that the study population has a certain risk of exposure to antibiotics.At the same time,polymerase chain reaction technology(PCR)and pyrosequencing technology(Pyrosequencing)were used to extract platelet mitochondrial DNA for sequencing.Determine the methylation levels of MT-ATP6,MT-ATP8 and MT-ND5 gene fragments,and use a generalized linear model to evaluate the impact of individual antibiotics on human health.The results showed that exposure of norfloxacin,sulfamethoxazole,sulfadimidine,sulfadimethoxypyrimidine,florfenicol were associated with platelet mitochondrial DNA methylation(mt DNA)levels.Specifically,for MT-ATP8,the methylation level was positively correlated with florfenicol and norfloxacin,and negatively correlated with sulfamethoxazole.For MT-ND5,sulfamethazine is positively correlated with it,while it is negatively correlated with sulfamethoxine.In addition,no statistical correlation was found between antibiotic levels and MT-ATP6 in this study.These results suggest that exposure to some antibiotics may increase or decrease the risk of mitochondrial DNA methylation,and may also affect intestinal flora,thereby affecting human health.