Assessment Of Grassland Ecological Costs And Spillover Benefits In Agricultural Areas ——Take Binzhou Wudi County As An Example

Grassland ecology is the largest ecological type of organism on land in China,with the advantages of low investment cost and good ecological function,while grassland is the main barrier to protect the world’s ecosystem and maintain the ecological security of the earth,from the analysis of the 2021 China Statistical Yearbook of the National Bureau of Statistics of China,as well as China’s land use statistics,In 2019,China’s grassland area will exceed 2.645 million square kilometers,occupying the largest land area in China except forests,and the grassland ecosystem will provide people with important ecological service functions such as wind and sand fixation,weather regulation,water conservation,soil and water conservation and biodiversity maintenance,and become the main component of human ecosystem maintenance.Although China’s grassland is mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia,the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and other regions,due to the implementation of the "grain feeding" policy in 2015,in order to effectively reduce grain stocks in the vast rural areas,vigorously promote the promotion of pasture planting in areas suitable for planting pasture,so that the grassland area in agricultural areas has also been greatly improved,on the one hand,to ensure the income of local residents,driving rural revitalization;on the other hand,it also guarantees the development of grassland ecology in agricultural areas.In order to mobilize the enthusiasm of residents for grassland ecological protection,it is necessary to formulate corresponding grassland ecological compensation standards,which can not only make up for the investment in grassland ecology,but also well reflect the value of grassland ecology,arouse people’s attention to grassland ecology,and create a good ecological environment.Based on this perspective,the paper evaluates the ecological cost and benefit spillover of grassland in Wudi County,and provides a certain theoretical basis for the determination of grassland ecological compensation standards in Wudi County.Based on the theory of ecological function service value and externality theory,combined with the marginal analysis in economics,the interval of grassland ecological compensation in Wudi County is determined,that is,the lower limit is the planting subsidy cost of grassland ecology,and the upper limit is the ecological benefit and social benefit of grassland planting cost plus grassland spillover.The ecological cost of grassland includes the direct cost of planting grassland,including seedling costs,pesticide costs,labor costs,machinery costs,fertilizer costs,and opportunity costs caused by planting pasture grass,including the opportunity cost of growing grain and the opportunity cost of government food subsidies;the benefits of grassland ecological spillover are divided into two aspects: ecological benefits and social benefits,and the following results are mainly achieved:（1）For the accounting of the ecological cost of grassland,the definition of cost in accounting is used to make the main assumptions and choices of the cost of grassland,and then calculate the expenditure cost of grassland.The loss of opportunities for grassland ecology is calculated from the perspective of residents and governments,respectively.（2）The spillover benefits generated in the ecological process of grassland are divided into two aspects: ecological benefits and social benefits.Among them,the ecological benefits of grasslands are assessed from the four levels of climate regulation,water conservation,soil and water conservation and biodiversity,and the social benefits are assessed from the three levels of socio-economic,stability and culture of spillover.（3）Taking the grassland in Wudi County,Binzhou as an example,the paper evaluates the ecological cost and spillover benefits of grassland in this area,and concludes that the lower limit of grassland ecological compensation in Wudi County is 79 yuan / mu,so it is recommended that the ecological compensation of grassland in Wudi County be set at 79 yuan/ mu.