Effects Of The Dietary Stachyose Supplementation Levels On Cecal Skatole Concentrations And Hepatic CYP450 Gene Expression Of Broilers

In recent years,as people realize that adipocytes are closely related to obesity and related diseases,the interest in adipocyte research has increased rapidly.Especially in the past few years,researchers have discovered that the third type of adipocyte,beige adipocyte,besides white adipocytes and brown adipocytes,has a deeper understanding of adipocyte development and division and differentiation process.Obesity is closely related to the accumulation of triglycerides in adipocytes,and studies have found that white adipocytes(the main function of which is to store fat)differentiate into beige adipocytes,which produce heat and consume their own triglycerides,under specific actions transformation pathways have attracted wide attention.the conversion of white adipocytes to beige adipocytes is regulated by multiple factors.studying the key regulatory genes of differentiation of white adipocytes or pre-adipocytes into beige adipocytes and finding important transcription factors during differentiation will provide important theoretical basis for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases.Polyphenols have many biological functions and have been paid more and more attention in animal husbandry production in recent years.Polyphenols have a wide range of biological functions,including inhibition of lipid peroxidation,inhibition of platelet aggregation,inhibition of increased capillary permeability and embrittlement,and have the effects of lowering blood lipids,preventing cardiovascular diseases,preventing cancer and anticancer,regulating immunity,anti-aging,antibacterial sterilization,absorbing ultraviolet radiation and so on.A large number of studies have shown that a variety of polyphenols can affect lipid metabolism and fat deposition in livestock and poultry.the effects of polyphenols on the proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes were investigated in this experiment.the widely used cocktail method(dexamethasone,insulin and IBMX)was used to induce the differentiation of precursor adipocytes 3 T3-L1 into white adipocytes,and the combination of drugs(insulin,IBMX,rosiglitazone,isoproterenol)was used to convert white adipocytes into beige adipocytes to investigate the role of polyphenols in the differentiation of adipocytes in 3 T3-L1 as polyphenols in livestock.Compared with the control group,the differentiation efficiency of 3 T3-L1 cells with polyphenol compound decreased.The FAS expression of fat marker gene in differentiated mature 3 T3-L1 cells was compared with that of oil red staining.The expression of key heat-producing genes UCP1 (uncoupling proteins),key transcription control factor genes C/EBPβ,Prdm16, and beige adipocyte marker genes were significantly increased in experiments that induced beige adipocytes to form.therefore,polyphenols inhibit white adipocyte differentiation and its brown-like formation to some extent.According to the above results,polyphenol compounds play an important role in white adipogenesis and brown-like white adipocytes,which provides a basis for obesity treatment and its potential.