Geometry Measurement Analysis Of 3D Reconstructed Upper Facial Skeleton Of Liaoning Han Nationality Adults Based On EDMA

Objective To analyze the left and right symmetry and gender differences of the upper facial skeleton shape of Chinese Han adults in Liaoning province by measuring the geometrical shape of 3D reconstruction based on CT,and to provide the theoretical basis for plastic surgery,forensic medicine,and anthropology.Methods Skull CT scans of 114 Liaoning Han adults(32 males and 82 females)were performed.3D reconstruction of the skull was performed using VG studio3.2MAX software,and the 3D coordinates of upper facial landmarks were extracted.Using Win EDMA 1.0.1 software to analyze the measured data for left-right symmetry and gender difference of the upper facial skeleton of the European Euclidean distance matrix,and the morphological characteristics of facial bones of Han adults in Liaoning were studied.Euclidean distance matrix analysis(EDMA)is the most commonly used morphological analysis method for the coordinate data of the marker points in the geometric morphology measurement method,the form matrix(FM)composed of(x,y,z)three-dimensional coordinates of the marked points replaces the shape of the object,and then analyzes the shape of the two objects by comparing the form matrix of the object difference.Results The EDMA results showed that the left and right symmetry differences and gender differences in the upper facial skeleton of the male and female groups were statistically significant.Form Difference Matrix(FDM)ratio left to right contributes to the difference in the ratio is less than 0.95 and a part of the greater than 1.05 and less than 0.95 with 10 accounted for 35.7%(10/28),and greater than 1.05 has 1 accounted for 3.6%(1/28)in male group;there were less than 0.95 with 4 accounted for 14.3%(4/28)and greater than 1.05 has 3accounted for 10.7%(3/28)in female group.Analysis also showed that there were 4(1.9%)FDMs with a ratio lower than 0.95 and 79(37.6%)with a ratio higher than 1.05,which indicated the sexual difference.Conclusions There are significant left-right asymmetry and gender differences in the upper facial skeleton of the Han nationality in Liaoning.For both men and women,the shape of the right-side face is larger than that of the left-side face,and the right-side face has a greater influence on facial asymmetry than the left-side face,and the shape of the male face is larger than that of the female.