Analysis Of The Results Of A Single-center Survey Of Serum Vitamin A And D In Children Aged 6-14 Years

ObjectiveThrough the analysis of the results of a single-center survey of serum vitamin A and D in children aged 6-14 years,we can understand the levels and nutritional status of serum vitamin A and D in children of this age group,and discuss whether the factors such as gender,disease status,family situation,taking vitamin supplements,outdoor exercise time and diet affect the nutritional status of serum vitamin A and D in children.To provide the basis for the early diagnosis and early intervention of vitamin A and D deficiency in children,it is more conducive to the scientific and reasonable supplement of vitamin A and D in children and the prevention of the occurrence and development of related diseases.MethodsIn this study,536 children aged 6-14 years old who were tested for vitamin A and D in the pediatric outpatient and ward of the Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College from April 2019 to January 2021 were selected as the research subjects.Informed consent was obtained from their families,and informed consent was signed.Serum vitamin A and D concentrations in children were detected by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Among them,322children were tested for serum vitamin A and 536 children were tested for serum vitamin D.The children’s genders,disease status in recent two weeks,family status(parents’education level,family monthly income),taking vitamin supplements in recent three months,daily average outdoor exercise time in recent one month and diet(intake of animal liver,seafood,vegetables,fruits,eggs,meat,milk)were collected by self-designed questionnaire.The questionnaire was filled in by clinicians who received special training.Understand the levels of serum vitamin A and D in children aged 6-14 years,and the levels of serum vitamin A and D in children aged 6-14 years with different genders.According to the test results,they were divided into vitamin A normal group(≥0.30mg/L),vitamin A deficiency group(A<0.3mg/L)and vitamin D normal group(>20 ng/m L),vitamin D deficiency group(≤20 ng/m L),and analyze the children’s genders,disease status in recent two weeks,family status(parents’education level,family monthly income),taking vitamin supplements in recent three months,daily average outdoor exercise time in recent one month and diet(intake of animal liver,seafood,vegetables,fruits,eggs,meat,milk)on the nutritional status of children’s vitamin A and D.Results1.In this study,a total of 322 children who tested for serum vitamin A were collected,and their overall serum vitamin A level was 0.33±0.081 mg/L.There were 177 boys(55.0%)with serum vitamin A level of 0.33±0.081mg/l and 145girls(45.0%)with serum vitamin A level of 0.34±0.081mg/l.There was no significant difference in vitamin A level(t=-0.461,P=0.645)between the two groups(P>0.05).2.Among the 322 children aged 6-14 who were tested for serum vitamin A,216cases(67.1%)had normal vitamin A,and 106 cases(32.9%)had vitamin A deficiency.3.The children were divided into two groups according to the serum vitamin A concentration:vitamin A normal group(≥0.30mg/L)and vitamin A deficiency group(<0.30mg/L),and analyze the two groups of children’s genders,disease status in recent two weeks,family status(parents’education level,family monthly income),taking vitamin supplements in recent three months,daily average outdoor exercise time in recent one month and diet(intake of animal liver,seafood,vegetables,fruits,eggs,meat,milk).Using the χ~2 test,it was found that in the vitamin A normal group and the vitamin A deficiency group,disease status in the recent two weeks(χ~2=7.606,P=0.006),parents’educational level(χ~2=6.206,P=0.045),family monthly income(χ~2=9.037,P=0.011),taking vitamin supplements in the recent three months(χ~2=10.632,P=0.001),animal livers intake(χ~2=12.342,P=0.002),seafood intake(χ~2=7.436,P=0.024),vegetables intake(χ~2=6.821,P=0.033),fruits intake(χ~2=8.657,P=0.013),eggs intake(χ~2=10.118,P=0.006),and milk intake(χ~2=7.939,P=0.019),the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Gender(χ~2=0.004,P=0.949),daily average outdoor exercise time in recent one month(χ~2=1.036,P=0.596),and meat intake(χ~2=3.630,P=0.163),the differences were not statistically significant between the two groups(P>0.05).4.Multivariate analysis,using binary logistic regression,took the variable with P<0.05 in the single factor analysis of vitamin A nutritional status as the independent variable,and the children’s serum vitamin A nutritional status(vitamin A normal group=0,vitamin A deficiency group=1)as the dependent variable.It was found that parents’education level is high school and junior college(OR:0.414,95%CI:0.197-0.871),parents’education level is bachelor degree or above(OR:0.364,95%CI:0.166-0.797),family monthly income is 6000≤<10000 yuan/month(OR:0.409,95%CI:0.213-0.784),family monthly income is>10000 yuan/month(OR:0.282,95%CI:0.127-0.629),taking vitamin supplements regularly in the recent three months(OR:0.206,95%CI:0.079-0.534),eating animal liver 2-3 times/week(OR:0.414,95%CI:0.222-0.769),eating animal liver>3 times/week(OR:0.230,95%CI:0.094-0.560),eating seafood>3 times/week(OR:0.291,95%CI:0.124-0.681),eating vegetables>5 times/week(OR:0.454,95%CI:0.218-0.943),eating fruit 3-5 times/week(OR:0.398,95%CI:0.171-0.926),eating fruit>5times/week(OR:0.401,95%CI:0.179-0.902),eating egg 3-5 times/week(OR:0.276,95%CI:0.115-0.663),eating egg>5times/week(OR:0.227,95%CI:0.095-0.543),drinking milk 3-5 times/week(OR:0.388,95%CI:0.181-0.830),and drinking milk>5times/week(OR:0.347,95%CI:0.167-0.718)were the protective factors for children’s normal vitamin A,while disease status in recent two weeks(OR:2.303,95%CI:1.291-4.106)was the risk factor for vitamin A deficiency.5.In this study,a total of 536 children who tested for serum vitamin D were collected,and their overall serum vitamin D level was 19.64±6.848ng/ml.There were 291 boys(54.3%)with serum vitamin D level of 20.79±6.96ng/m L and 245girls(45.7%)with serum vitamin D level of 18.28±6.470ng/ml.There was a statistically significant difference in vitamin D levels(t=4.283,P=0.000)between the two groups(P<0.05).6.Among the 536 children aged 6-14 who were tested for serum vitamin D,241 cases(45.0%)had normal vitamin D,and 295 cases(55.0%)had vitamin D deficiency.7.The children were divided into two groups according to the serum vitamin D concentration:vitamin D normal group(>20 ng/m L)and vitamin D deficiency group(≤20 ng/m L),and analyze the two groups of children’s genders,disease status in recent two weeks,family status(parents’education level,family monthly income),taking vitamin supplements in recent three months,daily average outdoor exercise time in recent one month and diet(intake of animal liver,seafood,vegetables,fruits,eggs,meat,milk).Using theχ~2test,it was found that in the vitamin D normal group and the vitamin D deficiency group,gender(χ~2=7.932,P=0.005),taking vitamin supplements in the recent three months(χ~2=17.323,P=0.000),daily average outdoor exercise time in recent one month(χ~2=21.849,P=0.000),seafood intake(χ~2=11.908,P=0.003),eggs intake(χ~2=14.367,P=0.001),and milk intake(χ~2=12.543,P=0.002),the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05),disease status in the recent two weeks(χ~2=3.602,P=0.058),parents’education level(χ~2=1.694,P=0.429),family monthly income(χ~2=3.664,P=0.160),animal liver intake(χ~2=0.139,P=0.933),vegetables intake(χ~2=2.509,P=0.285),fruits intake(χ~2=1.496,P=0.473),and meat intake(χ~2=1.151,P=0.562),the differences were not statistically significant between the two groups(P>0.05).8.Multivariate analysis,using binary logistic regression,took the variable with P<0.05 in the single factor analysis of vitamin D nutritional status as the independent variable,and the children’s vitamin D nutritional status(vitamin D normal group=0,vitamin D deficiency group=1)as the dependent variable.It was found that taking vitamin supplements regularly in the recent three months(OR:0.464,95%CI:0.307-0.702),daily average outdoor exercise time in recent one month is 1≤<2 hours(OR:0.583,95%CI:0.388-0.876),daily average outdoor exercise time in recent one month is>2 hours(OR:0.303,95%CI:0.176-0.524),eating seafood>3 times/week(OR:0.466,95%CI:0.279-0.776),eating eggs>5times/week(OR:0.436,95%CI:0.226-0.844),and drinking milk>5 times/week(OR:0.464,95%CI:0.266-0.811)were the protective factors for normal vitamin D in children,while girls(OR:1.695,95%CI:1.165-2.465)was risk factors for vitamin D deficiency.Conclusions1.This study found that the overall serum vitamin A level of 322 children aged6-14 years was 0.33±0.081 mg/L.There was no correlation between serum vitamin A level and gender.Among them,216 cases(67.1%)had normal vitamin A and 106cases(32.9%)had vitamin A deficiency.No children with clinical vitamin A deficiency were found,but subclinical vitamin A deficiency was still not optimistic.Moreover,the overall serum vitamin D level of 536 children aged 6-14 years was19.64±6.848 ng/m L.Serum vitamin D levels are correlated with gender.Girls have lower serum vitamin D levels than boys,and attention should be paid to vitamin D supplementation for girls.Among them,241 cases(45.0%)had normal vitamin D and 295 cases(55.0%)had vitamin D deficiency.Vitamin D deficiency was still relatively high.2.The vitamin A nutritional status of children aged 6-14 years was related to disease statues in recent two weeks,parents’education level,family monthly income,taking vitamin supplements in recent three months and diet(intake of animal liver,seafood,vegetables,fruits,eggs and milk).Furthermore,the vitamin D nutritional status was related to gender,taking vitamin supplements in recent three months,daily average outdoor exercise time in recent one month and diet(intake of seafood,eggs and milk).It is suggested that for children prone to vitamin A and D deficiency,attention should be paid as soon as possible,timely detection,timely intervention and adjustment of diet structure,eat more food rich in vitamin A and D,and strengthen exercise,so as to avoid the occurrence of vitamin A and D deficiency and related diseases caused by vitamin A and D deficiency,and better maintain the healthy growth of children.3.This study found that parents’education level,family monthly income,taking vitamin supplements regularly in the recent three months,eating animal liver,eating seafood>3 times/week,eating vegetables>5 times/week,eating fruits,eating eggs and drinking milk were the protective factors for children’s normal vitamin A,while disease in recent two weeks was the risk factor for vitamin A deficiency.It was also found that taking vitamin supplements regularly in the recent three months,daily average outdoor exercise time in recent one month,eating seafood>3 times/week,eating eggs>5 times/week,and drinking milk>5 times/week are the protective factors for normal vitamin D in children,while the girl was risk factors for vitamin D deficiency.