The Correlation Between Air Pollution,Meteorological Factors And The Number Of Children Hospitalized With Acute Attack Of Asthma In Yan’an

Objective:To understand the epidemiological data of hospitalized children with acute attack of asthma in Yan’an,understand the influence of air pollution and climate factors on hospitalized children with acute attack of asthma,and explore the correlation between hospitalized children with acute attack of asthma and air pollution,meteorological factors.Methods:Collected of Yan’an the monthly average concentrations of air pollutants(CO,NO₂,O₃,SO₂,PM_2.5,PM₁₀)during January 1,2011 to December 31,2020 by Yan’an Ecological Environment Bureau.And collected of the monthly average of meteorological factors（average temperature,average humidity,total precipitation, average wind grade）in the same period.Collected of the age,gender,month,season and year of all the hospitalized children with acute attack of asthma≤14 years during the same period in the Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University and Yan’an people’s Hospital.The relation between hospitalized children with acute asthma attack and different air pollutants,meteorological factors was analyzed using binary correlation and multivariate regression analysis.Results:A total of 1238 hospitalized children with acute attack of asthma in the Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University and Yan’an people’s Hospital from 2011 to 2020were enrolled,including 844 boys（68.17%）and 394 girls（31.83%）.The ratio of boys to girls was about 2.1:1.The proportion of hospitalized children with acute asthma attack increased year by year from 2011 to 2014,decreased year by year from 2014 to 2019,and increased slightly in 2020.Children with acute attack of asthma was often hospitalized in autumn（412/1238,33.28%）.Children with acute attack of asthma was often hospitalized in April（101/1238,8.16%）,September（128/1238,12.68%）and December（191/123815.43%）.Children with acute attack of asthma was not often hospitalized in February（59/1238,4.8）and August（57/1238,4.6%）.There are differences between different ages,the infant group is 52.58%（651/1238）,the preschool group is 27.95%（346/1238）,the school-age group is 19.47%（241/1238）,With the increase of age,it shows a decreasing trend.The average annual detection value of SO₂ in Yan’an from 2011 to 2018 is between20-60ug/m³,and the average annual detection value of SO₂ from 2019 to 2020 is less than 20ug/m³.The average annual detection value of NO₂ in Yan’an from 2011 to 2019is more than 40ug/m³,and the average annual detection value of NO₂ in 2020 is less than 40ug/m³.The average annual detection value of O₃ in Yan’an increased year by year from 2014 to 2018,and decreased year by year after 2018.The annual average detection value of PM_2.5 in Yan’an from 2014 to 2018 is more than 35ug/m³,and the annual average detection value of PM_2.5 from 2019 to 2020 is between 15-35ug/m³.The annual average detection value of PM_2.5 has been decreasing year by year since 2014.The annual average detection value of PM₁₀ in Yan’an from 2011 to 2019 is more than70ug/m³,and the annual average detection value of PM₁₀ is between 40-70ug/m³.The average annual detection value of CO in Yan’an from 2014 to 2020 decreas year by year.From 2011 to 2020,the detection values of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in different seasons in Yan’an were in the order of winter,spring,autumn and summer;The detection values of SO₂,NO₂ and CO in different seasons were in the order of winter,autumn,spring and summer;The detection values of 0₃ in different seasons were in the order of summer,spring,autumn and winter.The highest of average temperature of Yan’an from 2011 to 2020 is in July and the lowest is in January;The highest of the average monthly total precipitation is in July and the lowest is in December;The highest of the monthly average wind power is in April and May,and lowest is in January;The highest of the monthly average humidity is in September and lowest is in May.Pairwise correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between NO₂ concentration and the number of hospitalized children with acute attack of asthma in Yan’an（r=0.377）,a positive correlation between PM_2.5 concentration and the number of hospitalized children with acute attack of asthma（r=0.434）,a positive correlation between PM₁₀ concentration and the number of hospitalized children with acute attack of asthma（r=0.233）,and a positive correlation between CO concentration and the number of hospitalized children with acute attack of asthma（r=0.431）,There was a negative correlation between O₃ concentration and the number of hospitalized children with acute attack of asthma（r=-0.417）,and a negative correlation between monthly average temperature and the number of hospitalized children with acute attack of asthma（r=-0.209）.Multiple regression analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between the number of hospitalized children with acute attack of asthma and PM₁₀ concentration,and a negative correlation between the monthly average temperature and the number of hospitalized children with acute attack of asthma.Conclusion:1.In Yan’an urban area,Infants is the highest of the hospitalization rate of children with acute attack of asthma≤14 years,the hospitalization rate of boys is higher than that of girls,and the highest season of hospitalization rate of children with acute attack of asthma is autumn.2.April,September and December are the peak months of hospitalization for children with acute attack of asthma in Yan’an.The comprehensive prevention and treatment of asthma in children should be closely combined with the geographical environment of Yan’an,continue to popularize the Chinese Action Plan for Children’s Asthma and reduce the hospitalization rate of children with asthma.3.There is a correlation between air pollutants,meteorological factors and the number of children hospitalized with acute attack of asthma,which can be used as a reference basis for children hospitalized with acute attack of asthma.