Study On Influencing Factors Of Dyslexia In Children From Grade 2 To 5 In Shantou

Background and objectivesDyslexia is the most common learning skill disorder,and the prevalence rate of Chinese dyslexia is between 3%and 10%.It not only prevents children from enjoying reading,but also increases the difficulty of their learning,which is not conducive to their behavioral,emotional and social development.In recent years,researchers have increased the exploration of the etiology of dyslexia,especially the environmental factors.The influence of family environment,which is most closely related to children’s life,should be pay more attention on exploring the causes of dyslexia.At the same time,family environmental factors are also the most likely to prevent the development of dyslexia.Therefore,this study mainly focused on the relationship between Children’s self-concept,home literacy environment,parental rearing styles and children’s dyslexia.The results of this study might provide a theoretical basis for preventing the occurrence of children’s dyslexia and improving the reading ability of children with dyslexia.MethodsFifty-three children with dyslexia diagnosed in the Child growth Clinic of Shantou University Mental Health Center from May to December 2020 were selected as subjects.Using the method of case-control study,the control group was matched at 1:3 according to sex,age and grade.A questionnaire survey was conducted among the two groups of children and their parents,including general demography,Children’s self-concept scale,home literacy environment questionnaire and Chinese children versions of parental rearing style.After the questionnaire was collected,Epidata3.1 was used to establish the database,and SPSS 24.0 was used for statistical analysis.Quantitative variables are expressed by means and standard deviation(Mean±SD),while qualitative variables are expressed by constituent ratios.t test,χ~2test,logistic regression analysis and Spearman correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis.In the analysis results,we judge the difference statistically significant according to the bilateral P≤0.05.ResultsThere were differences in the scores of Children’s self-concept scale,and Chinese children versions of parental rearing style scale between the dyslexia group and the normal children.There were also significant differences in general demographic data and home literacy environment between the two groups.The results showed that:1.There were differences in monthly family income,single-parent families,living in urban or rural areas,history of dyslexia in immediate family members,first time for children’s speaking,parent-child relationship,beating and scolding children,frequency of communication with children and whether parents ignored children’s feelings(P(27)0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that monthly family income,single parent,parent-child relationship,beating and scolding children and communication frequency with children were independent influencing factors of dyslexia.2.The t test results showed the total score of self-concept scale of children with dyslexia was significantly lower than that of normal children(P(27)0.05).The scores of intelligence and school condition,physical appearance and attribute,anxiety and gregariousness were significantly lower than those of normal children(P(27)0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between dyslexia and total score of children self-concept,including intelligence and school situation,gregariousness.3.The survey results of home literacy environment and children learning style showed that there were differences in parent-child co-reading,children’s fixed reading time,encouraging children to read extracurricular books,spending on extra-curricular books,book collection types,homework completion time,feeling difficulty in homework,Active learning habit,time of watching TV,time of using internet,surfing the Internet at home and the purpose of using the Internet(P(27)0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed children are encouraged to read books by parents and the cost of buying extracurricular books,children’s fixed reading time,children’s conscious study habits,pressure and difficulties in completing homework,online study,online playing games are related to dyslexia.4.The results showed that showed that the total score of parental rearing style scale,including emotional warmth,parenting anxiety and over protection of children with dyslexia were significantly lower than those of normal children(P(27)0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between dyslexia and the total score of parental rearing style scale,including emotional warmth,parenting anxiety and over protection.Under gender stratification,the scores of EMBU of male children with dyslexia were significantly lower than those of normal male children(P(27)0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the score of parental rearing style scale of male were negatively correlated with dyslexia.Conclusions1.According to the analysis of general demographic data,it is concluded that factors of family environment and parent-child relationship are related to dyslexia.Parents should strengthen communication with their children,build a good parent-child relationship,and try not to beat and scold their children.2.There is a negative correlation between children’s self-awareness and dyslexia,and low self-concept may be the risk factor of dyslexia.3.A good home literacy environment and learning style can reduce the risk of dyslexia.Parents should create a good home literacy environment,including strengthening parent-child co-reading,ensuring enough time for children’s reading,buying children’s favorite books and having suitable books for children’s reading at home.At the same time,we should also pay attention to improve children’s enthusiasm for learning and cultivate children’s habit of learning consciously.4.Parental rearing styles are related to dyslexia,and parents’emotional warmth and inclusive protection are the protective factors of dyslexia.Parents’rearing styles for boys should be strengthened,especially fathers should devote more emotional warmth and care to the protection of their children.