| Objective1.To understand the nutritional status,nutrition knowledge-attitude-behavior,diet self-efficacy and dietary intake of the elderly in nursing home.2.The attitude and knowledge of nursing staff towards nutrition care of the elderly in nursing home were analyzed to provide reference for the construction of nutrition management program.3.To construct an evidence-based program for nutrition management of the elderly in nursing home to provide a theoretical basis for improving or solving the nutrition problems of the elderly.Methods1.Questionnaire survey method: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 350 elderly people and 160 nursing staff from 3 nursing home in Ningxia by convenience sampling method.2.Evidence-based nursing practice: The evidence of nutrition and dietary guidelines for the elderly at home and abroad was systematically searched,and the evidence was evaluated and summarized,so as to form the best evidence and provide evidence support for the construction of nutrition management program for the elderly in nursing home.3.Observational method: Two members of the research group went to the restaurant of the nursing home to visit the apartments and bedrooms of the elderly,so as to have an in-depth understanding of the catering supply mode of the nursing home.4.Expert consultation method: 16 experts were selected for two rounds of consultation.The contents of the program were modified,supplemented and improved according to the expert opinions to form a nutrition management program for the elderly in pension institutions.Results1.The survey results of the elderly people in the nursing home showed that among the350 elderly people,230(65.7%)had normal nutrition,112(32.0%)had malnutrition risk,and8(2.3%)had malnutrition.The average score of nutrition knowledge of the elderly was(4.45±2.83),and the awareness rate was 44.5%.The average score of nutritional attitude was(6.46±2.94),with a score rate of 64.6%.The average score of diet self-efficacy of the elderly in nursing home was(54.98±8.04).The scoring rate of eating behavior control,healthy eating skills,weight control and the eating in social context were 72.8%,67.6%,67.4% and 67.0%,respectively.The intake of coarse grains,fruits,vegetables,aquatic products,dairy,eggs and nuts did not reach the recommended intake,and rice,flour and its products was higher than the recommended intake.2.The survey results of nursing staff in nursing home showed that the awareness rate of nutrition knowledge of nursing staff was 60.7%.The overall score of nursing staff’s attitude towards nutrition care of the elderly was(58.23±10.15),and the average score of each dimension was nutritional intervention(4.07±0.92),individualized needs(3.92±1.16),nutritional habits(3.22±0.79),nutritional assessment(3.12±0.79)and nutritional criteria(2.56±0.74).3.Observation results showed that different types and sizes of nursing home have different ways of serving meals.There are mainly two ways of serving meals: independent selection of meals and centralized and unified serving.The food supply of pension institutions is mainly cereal.Food collocation is mainly based on the traditional collocation of color,fragrance and flavor,while dietary collocation based on nutrition and health problems of the elderly has not been carried out yet.The elderly in the nursing home have a certain autonomy in the choice of food.There are “5+2” characteristics,such as eating in the nursing home on weekdays and eating with their families at weekends.4.Two rounds of expert consultation were conducted in this study,and the enthusiasm of experts was 93.8% and 100%,respectively.Degree of expert authority: the authority coefficients of the two rounds of expert consultation were 0.84 and 0.85.Concentration of expert opinions: the average applicability scores of each item were 3.27~4.80 and 4.0~5.0.The degree of the expert coordination coefficient: the Kendall concordant coefficients of the two rounds of expert were 0.376 and 0.379(P<0.05).The nutrition management program for the elderly in nursing home includes three aspects: management team,management objects and contents.The management contents include nutritional risk screening,nutritional status assessment,formulation and implementation of nutrition management plan,nutrition monitoring and effect evaluation,14 items and 56 contents in 4 fields.Conclusion1.The prevalence of the risk of malnutrition of the elderly in nursing home is higher.The level of nutrition knowledge of the elderly is low,the diet structure is unbalanced,but the nutrition attitude is more positive.2.The nutritional knowledge level of nursing staff in nursing home is low and attitude is general.3.The evidence-based program of nutrition management for the elderly in nursing home is constructed with scientific methods and comprehensive contents,which provides reference for systematic and standardized management of nutrition problems for the elderly in nursing institutions.Correspondence consultation experts were more active and authoritative.The expert opinion was relatively unanimous,the research result was reliable. |
PDF Full Text Request