Research And System Development Of Automatic Puncture Path Planning For Ablation Of Trigeminal Neuralgia

Trigeminal neuralgia is a kind of neurological disease which is difficult to cure.Ablation is a major treatment available,and it is difficult to reach the lesion for surgical instrument puncture.The existing puncture methods mainly include guided puncture relying on medical equipment and manual puncture relying on doctors’ experience,both of which have low success rate and serious consequences of failure.Based on medical images,the computer program is used to realize automatic puncture path,which can minimize the harm caused by ablation needle and improve the accuracy and success rate of puncture.Centering on the two core issues of path planning and accurate positioning,this thesis studied puncture path planning and puncture guide template design based on CT image.The main research contents are as follows:(1)The puncture point of the surgical operation needs to be located on the surface of the skin,and the puncture should avoid damage to the skull tissue.In this thesis,threshold segmentation and background filling and corrosion algorithm are adopted to process the CT image of the head and separate it into the skull tissue and the surface of the skin.After that,the improved fast-expanding random search tree algorithm was used to the 3D path plan to find the feasible puncture area on the skin.In the three-dimensional workspace,an objective optimization function is established to solve the optimal puncture path.(2)Establish a risk assessment model by program operation.For the three-dimensional puncture path,the grade-free change of color is adopted to display the change of risk degree,and the risk degree of each position in the puncture path is presented in an intuitive and detailed manner,so as to provide doctors and operators with reliable reference for identifying and avoiding risks.(3)Based on the segmentation results of CT images,VTK(Visual Tool Kit)image processing development kit was used to develop the design process of interactive puncture guide.The scope of locating guide plate,virtual cutting of matrix,fabrication of puncture catheter and guide hole were systematized,which help lower the skill barriers of making auxiliary guide plate,and the learning cost of related personnel is also reduced.(4)Simplify the production process of the guide plate,adopt popular 3D printing and use common materials to assist the production of the guide plate,which reduces the production cycle and production difficulty of the guide plate and improves the medical economic benefits.By the analysis of the test results,the application effect of the auxiliary guide plate reaches the clinical requirement.