Amino Acid Conversion Technology And Activity Of Rare Saponins In Panax Notoginseng And Panax Quinquefolium L.

Panax quinquefolium L.and Panax notoginseng are herbs of the genus Araliaceae and are traditional Chinese medicinal materials in my country.Among them,ginsenoside is the most representative active ingredient and has a wide range of pharmacological activities.Pharmacological studies have shown that the rare ginsenosides obtained by selective hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds have better pharmacological activity and bioavailability than the original ginsenosides.With the deepening of scientific research,the market demand for rare ginsenosides is increasing,so it is very important to find a simple,efficient and green enrichment method.Rare ginsenosides can be enriched by means of cooking,acid hydrolysis,microbial degradation and metal ion catalysis.However,these methods are complicated and time-consuming,and require high specificity and reaction conditions for foreign additives,which are likely to cause environmental pollution.Amino acids,as essential nutrients for animals and plants,are widely present in nature,have certain biological activity,can be absorbed and explained,and have no side effects.This project aims to screen out the best process for transforming rare ginsenosides,and to study the pharmacological activity of the products before and after transformation,providing a green,safe and efficient transformation method for the transformation of rare ginsenosides;and for Panax notoginseng and Panax quinquefolium L..The development and utilization of it provides new ideas.1.The ordinary ginsenosides in Panax notoginseng flowers are converted into rare ginsenosides by adding food-grade amino acids,and the anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts before and after the conversion are compared.Single factor and orthogonal experiments were used to investigate the effects of different types of amino acids,amino acid concentration,reaction temperature,reaction time and liquid-solid ratio on the transformation of rare ginsenosides.The effects of Panax notoginseng flower extracts on lipopolysaccharide（LPS）before and after transformation were discussed and analyzed.Induction of RAW264.7 cell proliferation and anti-inflammatory activity.The results show that aspartic acid is the best catalyst.When the temperature is 120℃,aspartic acid is 5%,the liquid-to-solid ratio is 30m L/g and the reaction time is 2 h,the total conversion content of the 4 rare ginsenosides.It is（47.12±0.52）mg/g.The extract of Panax notoginseng flower at 1.56～200μg/m L before and after transformation significantly inhibited the activity of LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells（P<0.05）,and significantly inhibited the release of NO and interleukin-6（IL-6）（P<0.05）.When the mass concentration is≥6.250μg/m L,the Panax notoginseng flower extract has a better inhibitory effect on LPS-induced inflammation of RAW264.7 cells（P<0.05）,and the secretion of NO and IL-6 pro-inflammatory factors is also significant Decrease（P<0.05）.2.The common ginsenosides in Panax quinquefolium L.were converted into rare ginsenosides by adding food-grade amino acids,and the pharmacological effects of Panax quinquefolium and cyclophosphamide on S180 tumor-bearing mice were studied before and after the transformation.In this experiment,the influence of amino acids and extraction methods on the conversion of ginsenosides in American ginseng to rare ginsenosides was investigated,and the reaction temperature（℃）,amino acid concentration（%）,reaction time（h）and liquid-solid ratio（m L/g）on its conversion rate,using 8 monomer ginsenosides as substrates to discuss the reaction pathway and mechanism.And through the establishment of S180tumor-bearing mouse model,to explore the effect of American ginseng and cyclophosphamide before and after transformation to increase efficiency and reduce toxicity.The results show that aspartic acid is the best catalyst,and the thermal extraction method has the best effect.The reaction temperature is 110℃,the aspartic acid concentration is 5%,the reaction time is 2.5 h,and the liquid-solid ratio is 30 m L/g.Under the optimal conditions,the conversion rates of rare ginsenosides Rk₁ and Rg₅ were the highest,which were 6.58±0.11 mg/g and 3.74±0.05 mg/g,respectively.In the reaction pathway,the diol group saponins participate in the transformation process,and the triol group saponins basically do not participate in the transformation process.In pharmacological experiments,the CTX group can significantly inhibit the growth of tumors,but at the same time significantly reduce the immune indicators of mice（P<0.05）.The transformed American ginseng medium and high dose group（200～400mg/kg）combined with cyclophosphamide can significantly increase the tumor inhibition rate,and significantly restore the weight,liver index and white blood cell count of mice（P<0.05）.It also has a significant up-regulation effect on IL-2 and IL-10 immune cytokines.On the effect of T lymphocyte subsets,American ginseng and mixed phosphoramide pretreatment before and after transformation can significantly restore the ratio of CD4⁺/CD8⁺（P<0.01）,and significantly inhibit the level of CD4⁺/CD25⁺（P<0.05）.After transformation,Panax quinquefolium L.total saponins combined with high-dose cyclophosphamide group can significantly up-regulate the expression of Bax and Caspase-3,inhibit the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2（P<0.05）,and cooperate with Panax quinquefolium L.before transformation in each dose group of cyclophosphamide.There is a significant difference（P<0.05）.This article explores the process and activity of amino acid conversion of rare ginsenosides in Panax notoginseng flower and American ginseng.The results show that this method can safely and efficiently transform rare ginsenosides and is simple and easy to implement.It provides green and safe conversion of rare ginsenosides.And efficient transformation methods.In addition,Panax notoginseng flower and Panax quinquefolium L.have enhanced anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities to enhance immunity respectively after transformation,which provides a new idea for the development and utilization of Panax notoginseng flower and Panax quinquefolium L.