Study On The Correlations Between The Quality Characteristics Of Panax Ginseng, Panax Quinquefolium And Ecological Factors

Objective: Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. and Panax quinquefolium L. are two major perennial herbal plants in Panax Araliaceae family. Ginseng first contained in the "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing", as a top grade, which has2,000years of medical history. China, South Korea, Japan, Korea and Russia are countries of planting Ginseng in the world, and Ginseng has a high yield in China. Many researchers from different contries have a systematic study on the Ginseng resources, the international conference held constantly.American ginseng originating in the United States and Canada, has more than300years in our country of medicinal history. Since the early1980s, our country can not only satisfy domestic demand, but also become the second producer and the first consumer in the world.Quality control is the effective means to ensure clinical curative effect. Ginsenosides Rg1, Re and Rb1are difficult to reflect their inner quality in China pharmacopoeia as Ginseng, American ginseng quality control indexes. Medicinal material quality is the comprehensive effect of genotype and environment. Therefore, the studying of ginseng, American ginseng quality characteristics and ecological factors associated have important practical significance about introduction cultivation and resource conservation.Methods: The method was performed on an ACQUITY UPLCTM BEH C18(50mm×2.1mm,1.7μm) with a mixed mobile phase of water and acthetonitrile in a gradient mode. The flow rate was0.3mL·min-1and the wavelength of measurement was203nm.39batches of the Ginseng samples from different habitats and different medicinal part were determined. This paper carried out the quality evaluation of different medicinal part Ginseng and red Ginseng. And the UPLC chromatographic fingerprint of chemical constituents was established.Application of HPLC-UV-ELSD techniques were connected in series. The separation was carried out on the Agilent Extend-C18(250mmX4.6mm,5μm) column. The mobile phase consisted of water and acetonitrile with gradient elution. The flow rate was1.0mL·min-1and the wavelength of measurement was203nm. The temperature of drift tube was maintained at106.5’C and the flow rate of air was set at2.9L·min-1. Twenty batches of the American ginseng samples were determined. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to study on the HPLC characteristic figure and chemical pattern recognition.The producing area conditions of Ginseng and American ginseng were surveyed, ginsenosides multivariate linear models were constructed through TCMGIS and SPSS software. And we analysis the relationship of ecological factor and ginsenosides.Results: The UPLC chromatographic fingerprint of chemical constituents was established and showed fifteen characteristic common peaks, among which fifteen peaks were recognized and nine compounds (ginsenosides Rgi, Re, Rf, Rg2, Rbl, Rc, Rb2, Rb3and Rd) were determined by comparison with chromatographic behaviors and UV spectra of the authentic compounds.The HPLC-UV and HPLC-ELSD characteristic figure of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix was developed, the ginsenosides Rgi, Re, Rbi, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, Rd and the pseudo ginsenoside F11were identified.The primary factors affecting Ginseng distribution is heat factor, light factor and precipitation factor are the second factors. The primary factors affecting American ginseng distribution is heat factor, rainfall and illumination factor is the second factor, and the altitude factor is the third factor. The heat factor is most remarkable to the ginsenosides. TCMGIS system is accurate and powerful tool for determination of suitable producing area of Chinese medicine herb. And the result will be helpful to the establishment of Good Agricultural Practices and the cultivation of Ginseng and American ginseng.Conclusion: The convenient and high specific method can be used to identify and evaluate the quality of Ginseng and American ginseng. The heat factor is the most important factor in distribution and ginsenosides of Ginseng and American ginseng. The productive area provide the basis about the introduction cultivation of Ginseng and American ginseng.