| BackgroundThere are polymorphic and complex in human erythrocyte blood groups.ABO and Rh are two important blood group systems,which often cause hemolytic transfusion adverse reactions,neonatal hemolytic disease or autoimmune hemolytic anemia in clinic.Due to physiological factors,diseases and other reasons,ABO antigens or antibodies can be weakened,and factors such as repeated blood transfusion or multiple pregnancies can induce to produce unexpected antibodies and interfere with the correct identification of ABO blood groups.Especially for patients who need blood transfusion and organ transplantation,the correct typing of ABO blood group is a key basis for safe and effective blood transfusion and successful transplantation.For blood services such as blood center or blood stations,it is necessary to establish regional blood type archives,analyze law of human blood type population genetics,and collect and supply blood scientifically and rationaly for clinical purposes by understanding the ABO and Rh blood group distribution characteristics of voluntary blood donation population,better providing precious blood resources for clinical,ensuring the safety,reason and effect of clinical use of blood.In order to more accurately carry out the transfusion treatment in clinical medical institutions,it is of essential to further explore and find the reason for some cases of inconsistent ABO blood group with the positive and negative typing,by analyzing correlation of blood type and disease,and using new technology to accurately identify blood type,and constantly improving the level of clinical blood transfusion inspection and treatment level,to ensure the clinical blood transfusion scientifically,reasonably and effectivly,and promote a healthy construction in China.ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution characteristics of ABO and Rh blood group antigens among voluntary blood donors in Xinxiang region,and analyze the reasons for the positive and negative inconsistency of ABO blood group typing,so as to provide data support for the study of human blood group genetic rules,the construction of regional blood group archives,facilitating blood collection and supply institutions to collect and supply blood scientifically and reasonably,and the clinical implementation of precise blood transfusion therapy.Methods1.Identification of ABO and Rh blood groups by blood group serology Technology(1)ABO and Rh blood groups of unpaid blood donors in Xinxiang region were detected by ABO positive and negative typing and Rh blood group identification,and blood group archives were constructed.(2)For the inconsistency of positive and negative typing of ABO blood groups,we must find out the reasons,firstly,by understanding the subject’s medical history,blood transfusion history,pregnancy history and drug allergy history.For the specimens with weakened ABO blood group antibodies and antigens,ABO subtype can be verified through the strength detection of erythrocyte H antigen,absorption and dispersion test,salivary blood group material detection technology.Due to accidental antibody interference,ABO blood groups were further confirmed by accidental antibody screening and identification tests.2.Identification of ABO difficult blood group by molecular biology technology:For the inconsistent specimens with positive and negative ABO blood group,the causes of difficult identification of ABO blood group were analyzed by extracting blood DNA,PCR amplification and sequencing so as to understand the genetic law of human blood group.Results1.Distribution of ABO blood group antigens of voluntary blood donors in Xinxiang regionThe gene frequency of ABO blood group system of 401794 voluntary blood donors in Xinxiang area was r>q>p,and the phenotypic characteristic was B>O>A>AB.Similar characteristics were also shown in male and female blood donors,but male donors were much higher than female donors,and the ABO blood group distribution of the two groups was statistically different(χ~2=7.389,P<0.05).2.Confirmation of ABO difficult blood group in Xinxiang regionAmong 401794 voluntary blood donors in Xinxiang area,the rate of ABO difficult blood group in Xinxiang area was 0.697/10000(28/401794).During the same period,13samples with abnormal ABO blood group were found in clinic.A total of 41 abnormal ABO difficult specimens were collected and further confirmed by blood type serology and molecular biology techniques:(1)There were 11 cases of ABO subtypes,7 cases of accidental antibody interference and 12 cases of ABO weak antigens caused by diseases.(2)ABO blood group distribution:19 cases of A1 type,2 cases of A2 type,4 cases of B type,3 cases of Bel type,6 cases of B(A)type,4 cases of AB type and 3 cases of O type.(3)The proportion of ABO subtypes in voluntary blood donors was 0.025‰(10/401794).3.The distribution of ABO blood antigens in Positive Rh D and Negative Rh D donors in Xinxiang regionA total of 1024 negative Rh D cases were screened out from 401794 donors,and the screening rate was 2.55‰(1024/401794).There was no significant difference in the distribution of ABO blood groups between positive Rh D and negative Rh D donors(x~2=6.513,P>0.05).There was also no significant difference in the distribution of ABO blood groups between men and women in negative Rh D blood donors.The distribution of ABO blood group antigens in blood donors conforms to hardy Weinberg population gene balance law.4.Rh typing of Rh D negative voluntary blood donors in Xinxiang regionThere were nine Rh phenotypes in 1024 Rh D negative blood donors in Xinxiang region,most of which were Ccdee and ccdee.And they were of 37 cases of CCdee,2 cases of CCDee,8 cases of CCdee,12 cases of CCdee,366 cases of CCDee,14 cases of CCdee,546 cases of CCDee,37 cases of CCdee and 2 cases of CCDee.Conclusions1.The distribution of ABO blood groups of voluntary blood donors are B>O>A>AB in Xinxiang area,and the majority of Rh D positive and negative individuals are of O type and B type,mainly Ccdee and Ccdee in the Rh D negative individuals.2.It is conducive to clinical scientific and rational blood transfusion treatment by the identification of accidental antibodies and ABO subtypes that affect ABO blood group. |
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