The Study On Gender Markedness Of Modern Chinese

Although no grammatical category "gender" in Modern Chinese,there were special means to distinguish gender directivity,which were gender markedness and gender words.Taking the modern Chinese as a common object of the thesis,we can explore the words or morphemes which marked gender directivity.This thesis distinguished gender words with gender markedness,and explored the motivation of gender words transformed to gender markedness.We divided the gender markedness into dominant markedness,recessive markedness and markedness-to-be,and we defined these three concepts.Some exceptional phenomenons founded during the study were analyzed in detail.Chapter one is introduction,we defined the concepts such as sex,biological sex,social gender,gender markedness and gender words,analyzed the relationship between biological sex and social gender.The current study is provided with a brief review on gender markedness.The reason for the topic,research value and methods,are introduced in Chapter one.Chapter two mainly divided the categories of gender markedness.According to the collecting from the "Modern Chinese Dictionary"(6th edition),we summerized the language materials and divided gender markedness into three categories,which were dominant markedness,recessive markedness and markedness-to-be.For the special category---makedness-to-be,we discussed its formation mechanism according to their own process of development and evolution.Chapter three focused on the evolution of gender markedness and their relationship with the gender words.By analyzing the collected materials,we divided the evolution of gender markedness into three different types:expand the scope,narrow the scope,essentially unchanged.At the same time,analyzed the evolution from unmarkedness to markedness.In addition,we discussed the relationship between gender markedness and gender words,analyzed the difference of them,pointing out that under certain conditions gender words can transformed into gender markedness.Finally,we discussed the conditions and reasons for this transformation.Chapter four classified some of the exceptional phenomenons,trying to explain the relevant phenomena.These exceptional phenomenons are:natural biological sex is inconsistent with gender markedness;gender distinction of inanimate;markedness reversal.Among them,markedness reversal is the focus of the discussion.