Research On The Evolution And Effect Of Christian Religious Policy In China And Korea(1840-1911)

From the second half of the 19th century to the early 10’ s of the 20th century,China and Korea are facing the aggression of foreign powers,and gradually become semi colonial countries under the treaty system.At the same time,the Western Christian forces continue to infiltrate the two countries,and the Christian policies of China and Korea came into being.On the whole,the Christian policies of China and Korea have gone through three stages:prohibition,relaxation and tolerance.China banned Christianity because of the etiquette dispute in the Kangxi Dynasty.The policy of banning religion became loose under the impact of a series of unequal treaties after two Opium Wars.The Beijing treaty between China and France established a tolerant missionary policy and became a Christian policy in the late Qing Dynasty,which lasted until the end of the Qing Dynasty.In the process of carrying out the policy of tolerating Christianity,the government of late Qing Dynasty took the initiative to manage Christianity,but because the right of religion was an important part of the unequal treaties,and it was connected with other articles in the treaties to form an organic whole.In addition,with the conflict between Chinese traditional culture and Christian culture,the religious plan frequently occurred,and its hidden danger was difficult to eliminate.The Boxer Movement and the war of invasion of China by the eight powers led the late Qing government to rectify the policy of tolerance and education.When the revolution of 1911 overthrew the Qing Dynasty,the Christian policy of the late Qing Dynasty was destroyed.Before the opening of the Joseon Dynasty,the religious literati defended Christianity;the non religious and anti religious literati criticized Christianity.The anti clergyman’ s speech was adopted by the Joseon government.Through the mode of "the differentiation between the good and evil”and“the differentiation between the Chinese and the foreign”,the anti religion and the prohibition of religion were carried out,and through the mode of "the cultivation of politics,the learning of Confucianism”and“the unification of the five homes of law",the people’ s beliefs were guided and managed,resulting in many religious difficulties,but their beliefs were not cut off.In the early days of the opening of port,the government of the Joseon Dynasty temporarily continued the strictly prohibited Christian policy.The signing of the Treaty of Korea and the United States to mend trade made the Joseon government implement the Christian policy of liberating the ban.During this period,due to the panic of the Joseon government caused by the spread of Christianity,on April 22,1888,the "proscription of Jesuits" was published.In the same year,there was an incident of“infanticide".The American minister,Dinsmore,made positive suggestions and suggestions to the Joseon government,so that his views on foreigners and Christianity were really improved,and he continued to implement the policy of leniency and prohibition.Foreign missionaries gradually gained the acceptance of the Korean royal family and the lower class through indirect and direct missionary ways.The Joseon government finally implemented the policy of freedom of faith in Christianity in 1896,and in 1899 published the Treaty of religion and people,which was to manage the religious people.There are many reasons for the implementation of the policy.The aggravation of the etiquette dispute is the direct reason for the implementation of the policy of banning religion in China and Korea.The rulers’ worry about the imperial power and the royal power is the basic reason.The Christian culture and the Confucian culture are different,and the cultural conflict shown are the important reasons.The compromise under the treaty system is the fundamental reason for the implementation of inclusive religion policy in China and Korea.The change of foreign policy,the tendency of the government to respond to Christianity,the change of the way of preaching among the great powers and the change of social structure are the important reasons for the implementation of inclusive religion policy in China and Korea.The implementation of inclusive religion policy has a profound impact on the social development of the two countries,which intensifies the political and cultural crisis of the two countries.However,during the implementation of inclusive religion policy,missionaries’ activities such as church medical and educational undertakings objectively promote the modernization process of the two countries.