From Moral Argument To Teleological Argument

The problem of proof of the existence of God is at the core of Immanuel Kant’s religious philosophy.On the one hand,Immanuel Kant restricted the transcendental use of speculative reason by criticizing the traditional proof of the existence of God,namely,the proof of ontological argument,the proof of cosmology and the proof of natural theology,leaving room for belief.On the other hand,in Critique of Practical Reason and Critique of Judgment,Immanuel Kant offers two different models of proof of the existence of God,the moral argument and the teleological argument.From the perspective of its argumentation effect,the moral argumentation in the Critique of Practical Reason is based on the moral obligation of human beings,and tries to give the existence of God some subjective necessity,the teleological argument in the Critique of Judgment,on the other hand,is based on the freedom of man and seeks to give a subjective reality to the existence of God.From the point of view of its ability,the moral argument in the Critique of Practical Reason is based on the practical reason,while the teleological argument in the Critique of Judgment is based on the reflective judgment.From the perspective of its field,the moral argumentation in the Critique of Practical Reason concentrates on the ontological field,while the teleological argumentation in the Critique of Judgment covers the phenomenological field and the ontological field.From the standpoint of its corollaries,the moral argument in the Critique of Practical Reason takes the moral law as its corollaries,while the teleological argument in the Critique of Judgment takes free will as its corollaries.In terms of its form of reasoning,the moral argument in the Critique of Practical Reason is a less formal reasoning,while the teleological argument in the Critique of Judgment is a more formal reasoning.However,in addition to the above differences,the moral argumentation in Critique of Practical Reason is closely related and unified with the teleological argumentation in Critique of Judgment.Fundamentally speaking,the moral argumentation involved in theontological field must be connected with the phenomenological field through the teleological proof that covers the field across the phenomenological field and the ontological field,to avoid the split between the natural man of the deep phenomenological world and the free man of the deep ontological world.The teleological proof based on the natural phenomenon can only return to the moral proof based on man’s free will to realize the unity of nature and freedom,phenomenon and Noumenon.Thus,only the combination of the moral argument of the Critique of Practical Reason with the teleological argument of the Critique of Judgment Constitutes Immanuel Kant’s complete proof of the existence of God,both modes of proof are based on the inherent requirements of Immanuel Kant’s whole system of critical philosophy,which is in essence a kind of moral theological proof.Moral Theology proved to be a powerful driving force for the "Nicolaus Copernicus Revolution" that Immanuel Kant was trying to accomplish in the field of religious philosophy.In a word,the difference and unity of the two modes of proof embody the humanized essence of Immanuel Kant’s religious philosophy,...