Art Research On The Northern Dynasties Donor Figures In Dunhuang Grottoes

The donor figure is the portrait of the main patrons in the Buddhist grotto,and it also is one of the contents and forms of the mural art of the grottos.The donor figure of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang lasted from the beginning of the fifth century to the fourteenth century.After thousands years of historical and dynasties changes,preserved a large number of portraits,the characters are rich,the artistic expressions are diverse,and the cultural connotation is profound,it forming a unique and valuable historical gallery of portraits of ancient Chinese figures,which has incomparable cultural and historical value and artistic value.The Northern Dynasties was the beginning of the Dunhuang Grottoes and the donor figures.It created the basic form of donor figures in the art of Dunhuang Grottoes,and established a deep connection between the donor figures and the local ethnic culture and social background,succession and development the traditional figure painting art,and laid the foundation for the development of the donor figures in the later period of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes.The dissertation takes the donor figures in the Northern Dynasty as the research object,and conducts art research in the form,content,techniques,visual effects,and costumes of the donor figures.Based on exploring the artistic characteristics of this period,the author try to discovers the connection between the evolution of artistic style and specific historical and cultural backgrounds.The first part,using the literature research method and the field survey method,gives a basic overview of the preservation status,historical stage,evolution characteristics,and drawing background of donor figures at Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang on the Northern Dynasties;the second part,from the perspective of schema research,studies the overall visual artistic effect of donor figures through the arrangement,and image characteristics,from the posture of a single donor,to the overall queue of the donors,and their mapping relationship with the cave;the third part,compares and analyzes the line drawing types and coloring conception of the donor figures in the Northern Dynasties,summarizes the characteristics of modeling techniques and the characteristics of modeling styles,reveals its inheritance relationship with Han and Wei painting methods,and the evolutionary trend after integrated the Zhongyuan style;the fourth part,combined with the historical background of the social reform of Emperor Xiaowen,analyzes the typical styles and characteristics of the costumes on donor figures in two stages,before and after,and explores the relationship between the changes in the aesthetic taste of the era and the specific social cultural and historical background.