The Reasearch On The Nvzhen Nationality Envoys Of Jin Dynasty

As an important carrier of maintaining foreign relations in the song,Liao and Jin Dynasties,Chinese messengers played an important role in the political arena at that time.As the ruling nation,the messenger group of Nuzhen nationality played an important role in the political arena of the Jin Dynasty by actively mediating and striving to safeguard their own interests in the multilateral relations between the Jin Dynasty and song,Gaoli and Xixia.Form messengers of Nuzhen nationality in Jin Dynasty can be divided into two types:regular messengers and pan messengers.The messengers of Nuzhen nationality of Jin Dynasty were dispatched in distinct stages,which could be divided into three stages:early stage,middle stage and late stage.In the early period of the Jin Dynasty,that is,the Taizu and Taizong periods,they were busy with foreign wars,opening up territory,and stabilizing their rule.The relationship between the Jin Dynasty and song,Gaoli and Xixia was in the process of war and uncertainty.Out of the trust in their own nation,the envoys were mainly women.After Jin Xizong’s accession to the throne,the internal and external situation changed.In 1141,after the "Shaoxing peace talk" in the Jin and Song Dynasties,the Jin and Song Dynasties established the system of boundary delimitation and administration,and the system of diplomatic engagement was formally established.At this time,Nuzhen,Han,Bohai and Qidan all became a part of Jin’s rule.Nvzhen was no longer the only choice for Chinese messengers to send.Han,Bohai and Qidan also served as national messengers,especially Han became an important part of national messengers.As the ruling nation of Jin Dynasty,Nuzhen nationality and Han nationality are always the main body of messengers in Jin Dynasty.It should also be noted that the proportion of messengers in Nuzhen nation was different according to different regimes in different periods.At the beginning of Jin Dynasty,no matter in Song Dynasty,Gaoli or Xixia Dynasty,most of them were women.After the establishment of the diplomatic engagement system in the Jin Dynasty,the number of Han people began to increase in the group of envoys to the Song Dynasty,and in a certain period of time,they surpassed the envoys of Nuzhen nationality;the envoys of Nuzhen nationality to Gaoli were slightly higher than the Han people,but in the Western Xia envoys,the envoys of Nuzhen country always occupied the main position.The identity characteristics of the messengers of Nuzhen nationality are diverse.Birth and ability are the important criteria for the selection of Nvzhen messengers.Among the messengers of Nuzhen nationality,there are not only the members of clans and marriage families with distinguished origins,but also the ordinary Nvzhen people who have distinguished military skills,and the Jinshi who entered the government through the imperial examination.Those who are knowledgeable,experienced and have strong diplomatic ability are also important reference factors for the selection of Nvzhen messengers.Having such ability and quality is conducive to dealing with the complex situation in diplomatic activities and provides guarantee for the smooth and excellent completion of the mission.The official rank of the messengers of Nuzhen nationality is different for different envoys.The official rank of the messengers of Nuzhen nationality in the Song Dynasty was mainly composed of three grades,from three grades and from four grades.The messengers of Nuzhen nationality sent to Gaoli were mainly composed of four grades,from four grades,from five grades and from five grades.The official rank of the messengers of Nuzhen nationality in the Western Xia Dynasty was the lowest,with the five grades and from five grades as the majority.From this,we can see the relationship among song,Gaoli and Xixia.When the messengers of Nuzhen nationality were sent out,there was still the phenomenon of"borrowing officials".At present,the historical materials include the situation of "borrowing officials" when they were sent to Song Dynasty and Gaoli.There are clear records that the messengers of Nuzhen nationality in Song Dynasty were all in Hailing period,and the rank of the official posts they borrowed was lower than that before they were sent,which should be related to the policy that the king of Hailing wanted to unify the whole country and actively prepared to attack the Song Dynasty in the South;and the official posts they borrowed were higher than that before they were sent,which reflected that the Jin Dynasty sought for a friendly policy with Gaoli Strategy.The post of the messenger of Nuzhen nationality will also change according to the success of the mission.If the mission is successfully completed,the post will be promoted.Otherwise,the post will be demoted or punished accordingly.In the Jin Dynasty,the messengers of Nuzhen nationality had different stages and identities.The number and specifications of messengers were targeted.At the same time,the selection of messengers was also influenced by the will of the emperor and the political situation.The messenger group of Nuzhen nationality is always an important force active in the political stage of Jin Dynasty.As the messengers of Nuzhen nationality,they tried their best to protect their own interests in the foreign exchanges of the Jin Dynasty.Many of them showed strong flexibility in diplomacy,played an active role in the multilateral relations between Jin and song,Gaoli and Xixia,and played an active role in many aspects of political,economic and cultural exchanges.