| As an important aesthetic category in Chinese classical aesthetics,"Qing" has a profound cultural background.In the minds of ancient Chinese literati,everything that is beautiful generally possesses the characteristics of "cleanness".However,since the aesthetic category of "Qing" runs through the history of ancient Chinese aesthetics,it has certain technical and operational difficulties to conduct a macro-study on it.Therefore,this article intercepts the Wei-Jin and Six Dynasties as the research scope,and examines the connotation and extension of "Qing",which helps to clarify the condition of the aesthetic category of "Qing" in the mature and finalized period of the Wei-Jin and Six Dynasties."Qing" was first associated with Taoism.In Taoist thought,"Qing" is the obvious characteristic of "Dao",which also created the tradition of "Taoism by water".If the commentator has endowed "Qing" with the ontological nature,then in Confucianism,"Qing" has been endowed with the nature of axiology and used as a criterion for moral evaluation.In the Confucian value system,"Qing Shi" is a requirement of people,and"Qing Shi" is a requirement of social politics.During the Wei,Jin and Six Dynasties period,due to social and political factors,metaphysics was produced and developed.Wang Bi,He Yan and others inherited and developed the theory of Lao Zhuang and created a theoretical system of "Wu" in metaphysics.In the perspective of metaphysicians,"Qing" is also a characteristic of the metaphysical ontology;in addition,metaphysicians advocate the beauty of simplicity and simplicity,which also established the aesthetic taste of "Qing" in the Wei,Jin and Six Dynasties.Due to factors such as the environment of the times,the scholars in the Wei and Jin Dynasties awakened their subjective consciousness,they consciously pursued the freedom and liberation of their individuality,and they paid more attention to their own existence value.Therefore,the taste of peopleprevails.It can be said that human beings are the most significant feature that distinguishes the Wei,Jin and Six Dynasties from other dynasties in ancient China.And"Qing" is also contained in the evaluation of the characters’ posture,demeanor,talent,knowledge and tolerance during the Wei,Jin and Six Dynasties.It should be understood that the ancient Chinese mostly emphasized the unity of character and literary quality.From the perspective of literary creation,the writers of the Wei-Jin and Six Dynasties advocated the style of "clear" in their compositions,that is,the style of writing that is fresh and concise,light and natural,and without carvings.In addition,the creators also pay attention to the style of poetry and writing.From the perspective of literary works,"Qing" is perfectly presented in the creation of landscape and pastoral poems and metaphysical poems in the Wei,Jin and Six Dynasties.From the perspective of literary criticism,Cao Pi put forward the "Wenqi theory" in "Dianlun·Thesis".Once the standard of"clear and muddy" literary theory was put forward,later generations of literati consciously pursued the harmonious unity of "human" and "literary".Combining with Cao Pi’s literary evaluation of Jian’an literati in "Yu Wu Zhishu",it can be seen that Cao Pi advocates the"rigid style" of the article,and the literary proposition of the"rigid style" is also regarded as a model of "Qing" by later generations and derived a series of literary concepts(fengqinggujun,etc.).Therefore,the introduction of"Wenqi theory" greatly enriched the connotation of the aesthetic category of "Qing"in the literary world of the Wei and Jin Dynasties.The category of "Qing" was endowed with aesthetic significance during the Wei,Jin and Six Dynasties.Since then,the connotation of "Qing" has been continuously enriched and expanded through the inheritance and development of the past generations.It can be seen that the category of "Qing" is always new,and to this day,we can still seek reference and inspiration from the ancients’ tradition of"Qing". |
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