A Study On The Acquisition Of Chinese Existential Sentences By Vietnamese Native Speakers

In order to investigate the use of modern Chinese existent sentences by Vietnamese native speakers,this paper selects seven subsituate sentences commonly used in modern Chinese existent sentences according to the "Language Grading Outline for International Chinese Language Teaching","International Chinese Education Grading Standards" and relevant research results of previous scholars.This paper uses the theory of second language acquisition to investigate the acquisition of Chinese existential sentences by Vietnamese native speakers in written interlanguage and spoken interlanguage respectively.First of all,by collecting Vietnamese native speakers’ daily exercises and examination compositions,this paper builds a self-written interlanguage corpus to comb and describe the usage of Vietnamese native speakers’ Chinese existing sentences in written interlanguage in detail.In terms of frequency of use,compared with Chinese native speakers,it is found that Vietnamese native speakers at all stages have the phenomenon of over-generalization in the use of "you" existential sentences,while "V+ zhe" sentences and "tending verb /V+ tending complement +（d）" sentences have the phenomenon of avoidance in the middle and advanced stages.The word "yes" evades in the primary and advanced stages.In the aspect of errors,through the classification of the existing sentence and the three-section structure of the error analysis,it is found that: 1.Omissions and misadditions are the most common types of errors in the written interlanguage of Vietnamese native speakers at various stages.2.Paragraph A is always the part with the highest error frequency of Vietnamese native speakers at all stages,which is mainly reflected in the omission,misaddition,missubstitution of location words and the misaddition of the preposition "Zai" at the beginning of the sentence.However,the error frequency of paragraph B and paragraph C is different in different stages.The error frequency of paragraph C in the primary stage is relatively higher,while the error frequency of paragraph B with a larger verb structure change is higher than that of paragraph C with a simple component due to more abundant existing sentence patterns in the trial in the middle and advanced stage,and the difference is great.3.In written interlanguage,Vietnamese Chinese native speakers acquisition order of existential sentences:（1）"you" sentence >（2）"shi" sentence >（3）"V +guo" sentence（4）"V +zhe" sentence >（5）"V +le" sentence >（6）"verb/V + to + complement" sentence >（7）"V + results complement " sentence.Secondly,this paper carries out oral test by setting mandatory and version mandatory contexts,and builds a spoken corpus to sort out the use of Chinese existential sentences in the spoken interlanguage of Vietnamese native speakers,and then makes a comparative analysis with Chinese native speakers.Through combing and comparing,it is found that the usage of existing sentences in spoken interlanguage is not completely consistent with that in written interlanguage,and there are differences.Similarities: 1.In different stages,"you" sentence has excessive generalization phenomenon;2.The acquisition order of "you" sentence,"shi" sentence and "V+ guo" sentence is consistent in different interlanguage styles.The differences are as follows: 1.The word "shi" has no avoidance problem in coercive and semi-coercive contexts;2.The context of compulsory,oral interlanguage in "V +results complement " and "verb/V + to + complement" sentence correctly and with Chinese native speakers use frequency difference degree is higher than the natural context of sentence of two kinds of usage,so the resulting sentence acquisition time is earlier than written in the interlanguage of sentence of two kinds of acquisition time.3.Under the influence of forced context,"V+ zhe" sentence not only has syntactic errors such as omission of dynamic auxiliary words and missubstitution of predicate verbs,but also has a large number of pragmatic errors such as sentence pattern avoidance and the existence of predicate that does not meet the context requirements.Therefore,"V+ zhe" sentence is acquired late in oral interlanguage.4.In spoken interlanguage,the frequency of overall sentence pattern errors is higher.In the written interlanguage,only the local misorder errors in paragraph A and C are found,while in the spoken interlanguage,there are also BCA type whole-sentence errors.In addition,compared with the errors in the written interlanguage,there are also hybridization,avoidance and generalization errors in the spoken interlanguage.5.In the spoken interlanguage obtained through the oral test,the order in which Vietnamese native speakers acquireChinese existential sentences is as follows:（1）"you " sentence >（2）"shi"sentence >（3）"V +guo" sentence>（4）the result of "V + complement" sentence>（5）"verb/V + to + complement" sentence >（6）"V +results complement "sentence">（7）"V +le" sentence.However,this paper argues that the main reason for the difference between the two is the difference of research methods rather than the difference of language style.Finally,we propose a three-stage teaching sequence for Vietnamese native speakers when they acquire Chinese existential sentences.Proposed the teachers in the teaching activities on existential sentence sentence teaching should pay attention to "get through Chinese and Vietnamese existential sentences of existential sentence sentence barriers","in the classroom teaching to enhance students different existential sentences of Chinese sentence semantic and pragmatic meaning comprehension to master","classroom teaching with IR [I1R1（I2R2）] FR structure and the structure of the IRFR class session " And " the linkage between inside and outside class,enrich the situational exercises in teaching activities,and increase the output volume and frequency of learners’ existing Chinese sentences ".