The Multi-perspective Comparative Study Of "Dàn Fán" And "Fán Shì"

As we know,"dàn fán"(但凡)and "fán shì"(凡是)are two synonyms.This parper tries to compare the syntactic,semantic and pragmatic similarities and differences of the two words in detail from a synchronic perspective and from a diachronic perspective,we investigate the lexicalization and grammaticalization process of the two words,and explore the motivation and mechanism of the lexicalization and grammaticalization of the two woras.This article is divided into six chapters,and the main content of each chapter is as follows:The first chapter is the introduction.Firstly,it introduces the research objects "dàn fán"and "fán shì" and the reason for selecting the essay topic,and then explain the theoretical and practical significance of the research.Secondly,it has sorted out the research results on the scope adverb and "dàn fán" "fán shì" to lay the foundation for the following research.Finally,it clarifies the methods and theories used in the research and the source of corpus.The second chapter analyzes the difference in syntax between "dàn fán" "fán shì".First of all,we use the related discussions on the characteristics of conjunctions and adverbs as the basis,so as to judge that "dàn fán" "fán shì" have two parts of speech——scope adverb and conditional conjunction,but the usage frequency of the conjunction of"fán shì" is extremely low.Then we analyze the similarities and differences in combination ability,co-occurrence with other words,and syntactic position.The research results show that the two words are basically the same in terms of combination ability,mainly modifyi ng nominal phrases and occasionally modifying verbal components;the difference in co-occurrence between two words and other components is mainly manifested in the co-occurrence frequency of certain parts of speech,and there is no difference in part of speech;the difference in the syntactic position of the two words is that "fán shì" can appear before the object of the sentence,but "dàn fán" can’t.The third chapter compares the semantic characteristics of "dàn fán" "fán shì" in terms of logical semantics,semantic orientation and subjectivity.The two words have relatively small differences in semantics.When used as range adverbs,their logical semantics have the characteristics of generality and classification.As conjunctions,they both have the semantics of expressing conditions.But the conditional meaning of "dàn fán"is stronger than that of "fán shì".The difference between the semantic orientation of the two words is that "fán shì" can refer to the object,but "dàn fán"cannot.The subjectivity of "fán shì" is weaker than that of "dàn fán".The fourth chapter compares the pragmatic similarities and differences of the two words.The biggest difference between the two words is the different stylistic tendency."Dan fan" is mainly used in spoken language,while "fán shì" often appears in both spoken and written language.What the two words have in common is that both have the function of emphasizing topics and expressing the speaker’s stance.The fifth chapter investigates the process of lexicalization and grammaticalization of the two words from a diachronic perspective,and analyzes the related motivations and mechanisms.The lexicalization of the two words is not clear."Dan fan" first appeared in the Northern Song Dynasty,and "fán shì" first appeared in the Six Dynasties.The conjunction of "dàn fán" became mature in the Qing Dynasty,and the conjunction of"fán shì" appeared in the Ming Dynasty.The mechanism of grammaticalization of "dàn fán"mainly includes subsequent component changes,pragmatic reasoning and re-analysis.The motives and mechanisms of lexicalization and grammaticalization of "fán shì" mainly include word diphonization,increase in usage frequency,subsequent component changes and pragmatic reasoning.The sixth chapter is the conclusion.It makes a summary of the main conclusions from two aspects of innovation points and shortcomings.