A Study On Ross’s Paradox

In the first half of twentieth century,deontic logic was in the stage of exploring and responding to doubts.The logic of "will" constructed by Mally ended in failure,but to some extent it provided a good space for the research and development of deontic logic."J?rgensen’s Dilemma" was solved by Von Wright,and enabled normative logic to be established.The Ross’s Paradox first appared in a paper that Ross used to question the the possibility of establishing deontic logic.Paradoxes that follow certain theorems in deontic logic and are applied to examples in language are called “Ross’s Paradox”.There are three representative solutions for the resolution of Ross’s paradox: Ross’s solution,Hintikka’s semantical games solution and Von Wright’s the logic of conditions solution.Ross defined the logical value-functions,and pointed out that there were defects in the process of mutual transformation between the logical value-functions and language.He believes that the occurrence of defects is related to context and pragmatics.People can ignore the inverse intuitiveness of logic value function in the analysis of imperative sentences.Hintikka explained the origin of Ross’s Paradox with semantical games.He points out that the root of Ross’s Paradox lies in the permission of the problem.People have to distinguish between people’s choices in reality and strategy.Von Wright points out that OP→O(P(?)Q)is not a theorem in the logic system based on the Logic of Conditions.He distinguished ought and may,and pointed out that "ought","or" and "and" are quite different from logical truth function in the formalization process of language.Through the explanation of language,people can intuitively accept Ross’s Paradox.The solution of Ross’s Paradox has an important influence on the development of deontic logic and semantics.In deontic logic,the main influence of Ross’s Paradox on logic rules is that when disjunctive is used in conjunction with deontic operator,the logical validity of the disjunction operator will change,and the composition will become invalid.The understanding of "ought" cannot be understood in accordance with the "must" in modal logic.We should have a more complete understanding of the semantics of "ought" to make its semantic expression more comprehensive.In semantics,the introduction of semantical games and context is conductive to the analysis of the influence of subjective factors such as cognitive subject on logical analysis.These provide a new perspective for seeking "truth" and a new direction for paradox research.