| This article takes the dialect vocabulary of Yuechi County,Sichuan Province as the research object,and uses the"Chinese Dialect Vocabulary Survey Item List"published by the Dialect Research Office of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(2003)as the base text,and combined with relevant literature to sort out The classification vocabulary list of Yuechi dialect,and then study the characteristics of Yuechi dialect vocabulary from three aspects:word formation,lexical semantics and characteristic words.By classifying and describing the Yuechi dialect classification vocabulary according to the number of syllables,it is divided into four groups:single syllable,double syllable,three syllables and four syllables(including),we generalized the Yuechi dialect vocabulary into simple words,compound words and others three parts.Monosyllables are all simple words,and there are a few simple words with two syllables.Simple words with three syllables are only seen as"Simmons(席梦思)",and there are no more than four syllables.The compound words of Yuechi dialect’s vocabulary are constructed in the same way as Mandarin.Compound words are all made by three means:compounding,overlap and addition.The difference is that overlap is widely used in Yuechi dialect.The wording"material"of the additional words is different from that of Mandarin.Double-syllable root overlapping AA is the formal mark of nouns in Yuechi dialect.Some double-syllable repetitive words can be roll tongue,and the overlapping and adding-erized words have a small color,such as"little dishes盘盘_儿";three-syllable repetitive words have two major types:ABB and AAB.According to the different types of morphemes,ABB-style repetitions can be divided into six sub-categories:N/NN and N/VV,such as"instep(脚背背)"and"paper flying(纸飞飞)".AAB-style repetitions can be divided into NN/N,VV/N and other four sub-categories,such as"drizzle(毛毛雨)"and"rubbing glue(擦擦胶)";four-syllable overlapping words have three types:AABB,ABAB and ABCC.AABB overlapping nouns usually have a general meaning,such as"tantan jars(坛坛罐罐)","Tangtangshuishui(汤汤水水)",etc.,ABAB-type repetitive words such as"green and green(绿茵绿茵)","black red black red(黑红黑红)",etc.,ABCC-type repetitive words such as"sun dam(太阳坝坝)","cotton bud(棉花苞苞)"and so on.The overlapping forms of Yuechi dialect can also be created temporarily according to the context.For example,if you don’t eat seriously,you can summarize it as"eat and play(吃耍耍饭)"and if you don’t read seriously,you can summarize it as"read and play books(读耍耍书)"The overlap has a strong spoken language.Yuechi dialect has suffixes such as"fei(非)","qing(清)","jiao(焦)","pi(皮)","bang(棒)","basa(巴沙)"and"not close(不拢耸)"that are not in Mandarin.They can construct vivid adjectives that are not found in Mandarin,Such as"Clean acid(清酸)","Tianbang(天棒)","Laughing Basha(笑人巴沙)","Gray not close together(灰不拢耸)",etc.,which are very characteristic of dialects.On the other hand,the Yuechi dialect is rich in repetitive affixes,which can construct a batch of adjectives that are shaped like three-syllable overlapping words,such as"shrugging(干耸耸)"and"mamaliang(麻麻亮)"."Others"include terms that are different from Mandarin and combinations that cannot determine the type of structure.Words that are different from Mandarin,such as"sun halo(日晕)"and"moon halo(月晕)"in Mandarin,the statement in Yuechi dialect is"sun wearing hat(太阳戴帽)"and"the moon grows hair(月亮长毛)";it is impossible to determine the combination of structure types,such as:"cheap(相因)","to connect everyone(把连)".For the semantics of Yuechi dialect vocabulary,we first describe the macroscopic and microscopic aspects,and summarize the different characteristics of Yuechi dialect vocabulary semantics at the macroscopic and microscopic level.From a macro perspective,Yuechi dialect vocabulary mainly contains rational meaning and color meaning;from a micro perspective,the semantic structure of Yuechi dialect vocabulary mainly includes:word meaning is equal to morpheme meaning,word meaning is a simple combination of morpheme meaning,and word meaning is an integration of morpheme meaning in three ways.Finally,comparing the corresponding vocabulary of Yuechi dialect with Mandarin in terms of sense value and sense domain,it is found that there is a prominent asymmetric relationship between Yuechi dialect and Mandarin in terms of sense value and sense domain.The semantics of Yuechi dialect vocabulary is very explicit,usually in outline nature.Knowing the morpheme meaning can infer the meaning of the word,such as"galaxy(天河)","smart(精灵)","speaking ceremony(讲礼)",etc.Metaphors and metonymy are the semantic generation of Yuechi dialect vocabulary,the important way to add metaphors and metonymy is often more vivid and vivid,which can reflect the linguistic psychology of the local people and even the world view,suah as"residue(脚脚)","seriously ill(倒桩)",“abuse(夹磨)”,"family property(家务)"and so on.Compared with Mandarin,Yuechi dialect has more prominent word vacancies and the phenomenon of"same name and reality".For example,the folklore words"dabaozi(打包子)"and"zuogetang(坐歌堂)"unique to Yuechi dialect are not found in Mandarin,and many words have the same meaning,or the phrase Yuechi dialect is inconsistent with Mandarin,such as"unreliable"in Putonghua,"two don’t hang five(二不挂五)"in Yuechi dialect;"weather"in Mandarin,"sky color(天色)"in Yuechi dialect,and so on.Yuechi dialect and Mandarin also differ in the size and amount of the vocabulary content of vocabulary.Generally,Yuechi dialect’s vocabulary contains more elements,and it is not as refined as Mandarin in terms of vocabulary classification,such as"pig’s feet(猪脚)"in Yuechi dialect,it can refer to the whole leg or part of a pig.Mandarin only refers to"trotter(猪蹄)".The"water duck"in Yuechi dialect refers to both"cormorant"and"heron"."Yangzi(羊子)"in Yuechi dialect includes all""Goat","sheep",etc.Finally,the pronouns,interjections,modal particles that can represent the characteristics of Yuechi dialect and the classifiers that can express the subjective quantity category are described.Yuechi dialect has a pronoun system different from that of Mandarin.Yuechi dialect does not say"Zan(咱)",but has the interrogative pronoun"hao(好)"which is not found in Mandarin.Yuechi dialect is rich in modal particles and interjections,which can express various levels of rich emotions,such as"Ha(哈)","Mah(嘛)","Da(哒)",etc.Inserting"ba(把)"in the middle of a quantifier or quantifier can express a small subjective quantity,such as"gebage(个把个)","kuaibakuai(块把块)","qianbage(千把块)"and so on. |
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