Historical Investigation And Contemporary Enlightenment Of Marx’s Theory Of Human Nature

As early as 2000 years ago,human beings began to question themselves.Philosophers of different times have different definitions of Human Nature.From the6 th century to the 19th century,philosophers have made fruitful researches on the nature of human beings.In the past,the philosophers tried to construct a perfect philosophical thought system through pure theoretical speculation to achieve a comprehensive answer to the question of Human Nature.However,this pure way of theoretical speculation makes the problem of Human Nature "suspended in the air" and lose the "root of reality".Marx absorbed the lessons of predecessors,firmly grasped the "root of reality",abandoned the previous abstract speculation about the issue of Human Nature "suspended in the air",so that the issue of Human Nature realized "landing on the ground with feet" and returned to the real world.The issue of Human Nature has always been the core of philosophy,and philosophers have studied it for a long time.In the new era,our party and country pay more and more attention to the reality of human development,but it is undeniable that the problem of human modernity is still very serious,which affects the free and all-round development of human and the process of China’s social modernization.In this context,this paper takes Marx’s early,middle-aged and late works as the clue background,based on the perspective of Marx’s "realistic man",reveals that the essence of Marx’s theory of Human Nature is a "Trinity" whole system including "the essence of need","the essence of labor" and "the essence of social relations".On this basis,this paper makes a historical review of Marx’s theory of Human Nature,and expounds the triangular logical relationship between the three parts of the theory of Human Nature:Taking the essence of need as the starting point,the essence of need promotes the formation of the essence of labor,the essence of labor promotes the formation of the essence of social relations,and the essence of social relations promotes the formation of a new essence of need,The three parts are so cyclic and optimized and upgraded,and ultimately promote the free and all-round development of human beings.Finally,combined with the current background of the times,this paper explores the theoretical and practical enlightenment of Marx’s theory of Human Nature.In theory,first of all,Marx’s theory of Human Nature has laid a foundation for the study of human science in China,which can promote the construction of the discipline of human science in China;Secondly,the realistic and holistic methodology inherent in Marx’s theory of Human Nature can enrich the research perspective of contemporary Marx’s theory of Human Nature and Marxist theory of Human Nature.In practice,first of all,Marx’s theory of Human Nature helps to promote the development of human modernization;Secondly,Marx’s theory of Human Nature helps to promote the construction of social modernization,and the two complement each other.Generally speaking,China has entered a new era.The study of Marx’s theory of Human Nature can further promote the healthy development of human and society based on the goal of Marxist philosophy of human liberation.