Activities Of The Zongshe Party In The South In The Early Republic Of China(1912-1913)

The end of the Qing Dynasty,the 1911 Revolution is the fatal blow to the precarious Qing Dynasty,in order to maintain their own rule and survival,part of the Manchu family members organizes to fight the wave of revolution,and the Zongshe Party appears during this period.As one of the main forces against the revolution and restoration of the dynasty,the study of the Zongshe Party is an important jigsaw in the study of modern Chinese political history and the period of 1912-1913 is particularly important.The Zongshe Party is roughly established in January 1912,and its core members include Liangbi,Shanqi,Tieliang,Puwei and others.After the founding of the Republic of China,most of the core members are mostly active in the northern region after escaping from Beijing,mainly to cause large-scale riots and restoration incidents.In contrast,the activities of the Zongshe Party in the southern region lack the leadership of the core figures of the Zongshe Party,and the activities are small.The Zongshe Party mainly use the methods of assassination of military and political officials,manufacturing and smuggling of arms,conspiring in the military,and contacting bandits to carry out restoration activities in southern region.Through the analysis of this activities,it’s concluded that its grassroots forces in the south are mainly composed of retired soldiers,eight banners of garrison,former Qing officials and their children,businessmen,and gang bandits.In response to the activities of the Zongshe Party,At the central level,Yuan Shikai and Li Yuanhong have successively energized the provinces,demanding that the provinces strictly investigate the Zongshe Party,and also convenes various meetings to discuss affairs related to the Zongshe Party.In addition,Yuan Shikai also pressures the imperial family to force the Empress Dowager Longyu to restrain the Manchu family members who organized the Zongshe Party.At the local level,the governors of the southern provinces respond actively.First,they carry out rectification measures in the army to prevent the infiltration of the Zongshe party into the army.Secondly,they strengthen the maintenance of public order and strictly investigated the members of them hiding in the civilian population to ensure the normal and orderly operation of the people’s life.The activities of the Socialist Party brings a lot of influence to the nascent Republic of China.The activities of the Zongshe Party brings a lot of influence to the nascent Republic of China.Politically,its activities harm the relationship between Manchu and Han and had an impact on the propaganda and promotion of the "five ethnic republic" policy.Secondly,In the name of eradicating the Zongshe party,the local government handles the case,plants and framed,and quells popular anger.In society,public opinion launch a big discussion on how to treat the Zongshe party,and the panic caused by rumors about the clan and social party also affects the production and life of ordinary people.The activities of the Zongshe Party show a relatively large difference between the North and the South.Compared with the North,its activities in the South have different leadership cores,smaller scale of activities,and different methods of activities.The existence of the Zongshe party can be seen as the deviation of the self-identity of part of the Manchu relatives.This kind of cognitive deviation is constant.Supporting one of the spiritual pillars of Shan qi,Pu wei and other the Zongshe party members.With the passage of time,more and more Manchus accept the status of a national of the Republic of China,and the Zongshe Party gradually die out.