A Study On The Images Of Donors In Longmen Grottoes

During the Period of Wei,Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties,Buddhism gradually got rid of the awkward position of being the dominant Confucianism in The Han Dynasty and developed rapidly,becoming a highly respected cultural belief in the society at that time.Under the influence of this belief,the society bred a number of Buddhist donors.The donor refers to the person who worships the three treasures of Buddha,Dharma and Monk.The understanding of the donor can be regarded as a person who uses his property to worship the Buddha and follows the Dharma with spiritual belief.During the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Dynasty,the grottoes in Luoyang were very popular.For their own purposes,buddhist donors donated to "make Buddha images" in order to obtain afterlife benefits.In the process of image making,most donors will ask to "make their own image" at the corner of the grotto or under the Buddha niche.Such non-divine images with strong personal will are also known as secular offering portraits.There are many images of secular donors in The Longmen Grottoes.However,due to the special nature of the grottoes,most of the secular donors are the upper class such as royalty,officials and generals.However,in the process of continuous sculpture in Longmen Grottoes spanning multiple dynasties,some devout men and women in the civil society would also come here to build niches,make images and write inscriptions.These images and inscriptions,to a certain extent,reflect the social recognition of Buddhist culture at that time.This paper will understand the specific manifestation of secularization of Buddhist culture in the development of ancient Grotto art in China by studying the images of secular donors in Longmen Grottoes,and discuss the value of donor culture itself in Buddhist culture and its influence on the development of Chinese grottoes art.Therefore,this paper collects the existing and typical secular donor images in Longmen Grottoes,and discusses the value of donor culture in grottoes art in three parts according to the collation and study of the images.The first part is about the time when Indian Buddhism was introduced into China and the development of Buddhism in the Central Plains.Through the analysis of the carving history,the shape and content of the grottoes,the common types of statues and the position of the carving of the Buddha statues in the Grottoes are summarized and summarized.It is found that longmen Grottoes excavated in the Northern Wei Dynasty inherited the style and shape of yungang grottoes,but longmen grottoes is more outstanding in terms of carving techniques and number of statues.The second part,from the Angle of the image study,the secular kucha in longmen grottoes of description and analysis of images,kucha images often see northern wei love praise the clothes belt type garment unlined upper garment,men and women guess or associated with the character of xianbei ethnic free and easy,and free men and women of the tang dynasty in relatively casual,customs,culture has a wide tolerance,han Chinese man wearing hu loading condition.At the same time,the style and characteristics of the images are discussed,and it is found that the status of women in ancient grottoes has been significantly improved by the policy of The Times.And the donor also has more personal initiative in the image because of self-identity identification.The third part,on the basis of the first two parts,mainly discusses the cultural refraction and value judgment in the donor image of Longmen Grottoes.Analyze the role and influence of the ruling class,upper class and middle and lower class on grottoes construction.From the perspective of history,it is recognized that the benefactor is an important force to promote the development of Buddhist grotto art,and the benefactor image is also a precious material to reflect the history and culture of ancient China and social customs and culture,which has extremely important research value in grotto art.