My Country's Carbon Tariff Policy Choices Based On The Perspective Of International Game

Economic globalization has brought the international community closer together,and global climate change has gradually become a common problem faced by governments and people of all countries.In order to cope with the impact of climate change,some developed countries,which are greatly affected by climate change,began to take the initiative to promote low-carbon economic development through taxation or other policies at home.At the same time,more and more countries began to realize that only through international negotiations can environmental governance reach consensus.However,as environmental issues are public goods,it is difficult to accurately measure the emission reduction standards that countries should undertake,and it is difficult for countries to reach internationally binding emission reduction agreements based on their own interests.Take the lead in emissions of developed countries based on carbon emissions and international product competitiveness lost due to "carbon leakage" problem,proposed carbon tariffs as the measures to solve the problem of competitiveness loss and carbon leakage,carbon tariffs is not only can force the developing countries into the international carbon emission reduction mechanism,restrain the economic development,still can make the loss of trade comparative advantages in developing countries,reduce the international competitiveness of its exports.More and more developed countries,seeing the effect of international carbon game generated by carbon tariffs,began to explore the development path of carbon tariffs in the international community,which was strongly opposed by the majority of developing countries.However,as developed countries dominate the global low-carbon economy and play an absolutely dominant role in imposing carbon tariffs,they are likely to gain political and economic national interests.China,as the representative of emerging developing countries,is the primary target of carbon tariff.As the largest commodity exporter,China leads the world in carbon emissions.Diplomatically,China can strongly oppose the imposition of carbon tariffs on the grounds of "trade protectionism of carbon tariffs" and the history of carbon emissions in developed countries.Moreover,China should take an active part in international climate negotiations and speak for developing countries on the basis of "common but differentiated responsibilities".On the other hand,the development of the country's low-carbon economy and energy structure transformation,attention and effective response to carbon tariffs can make China's low-carbon economic development more space.As a responsible large developing country,China not only puts forward its own carbon emission reduction targets,but also takes this as an opportunity to realize sustainable development and build a green China.This paper firstly uses the literature analysis method to systematically sort out the research results of carbon tariff at home and abroad,which lays a foundation for the research of this paper.Based on pigouvian tax theory and international public goods theory,the historical development of global climate and environmental governance is sorted out by historical research method,and the causes of carbon tariff are revealed.Secondly,combined with the international situation,this paper makes a preliminary discussion on the issue of carbon tariff under international relations.Finally build a game model,under the complete information static game method,in the developed countries and developing countries as the research object,explore the effects of before and after the introduction of a carbon tariffs on countries,on the basis of above research,active in developing countries to cope with carbon tariffs of stage,to explore the role of fiscal subsidies and technical innovation.The model results in this paper show that :(1)due to the impact of environmental externalities and economic benefits,developed countries are likely to impose carbon tariffs if developing countries do nothing.(2)for developed countries,whether or not to levy carbon tariffs does not affect their policy choices,and carbon emission reduction is their Nash equilibrium;For developing countries,the introduction of carbon tariffs will force developing countries to change their strategic choices and promote carbon emission reduction policies.On the one hand,the quantitative game result depends on the scope and rate of carbon tariff,on the other hand,it depends on the policy level of China's domestic carbon emission and the proportion of carbon-containing products exported.(3)in the case that developing countries actively deal with carbon tariffs,when they adopt fiscal subsidies to levy carbon tariff policies,they can effectively cope with the impact of carbon tariffs within a certain limit in the short term,but may erode the tax base and raise the level of fiscal expenditure in the long term.When using new energy technologies to deal with carbon tariff policy,new energy technologies replace some industries with high energy consumption,and export products are exempted from carbon tariff.While adjusting the industrial structure,compared with financial subsidies,it can effectively deal with the impact of carbon tariff.Compared with the existing researches,this paper mainly adopts the static game model with multi-stage complete information to study the relationship between developed countries and developing countries under carbon tariffs,and then introduces the coping strategies of developing countries to explore the impact of carbon tariffs under financial subsidies and technological innovation.On the basis of qualitative and quantitative analysis,this paper draws the following conclusions: carbon tariffs imposed by developed countries will not only force developing countries to participate in carbon emission reduction plans,but also have a greater impact on developing countries in many aspects.Among the countermeasures of carbon tariff,the development of new energy technology or the introduction of carbon tax is a better measure to deal with carbon tariff than the fiscal subsidy.In combination with China's international image as a "responsible major country",at the international level,China should assume the responsibilities of a major country,carry out climate diplomacy,and participate in the formulation of carbon emission standards.At the domestic level,China should develop new energy technology and timely levy carbon tariffs.Therefore,this paper not only enriches the existing research,but also has certain reference significance for the formulation of government policies.